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BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 

THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/analysesofpigiroOOchurrich 


TO  MY  FRIEND 

WM.    CHRISTIE    HERRON 

OF 

ROGERS,  BROWN  &  CO. 
THIS  BOOK  IS  RESPECTFULLY 

DEDICATED 


PRICE 

$2.50  Postpaid  to  any  Part  of 
THE  United  States  or  Canada 
Other  Countries,  12  Shillings 


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ANALYSES 

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Pig  Iron 

COLLECTED     AND     PUBLISHED     BY 

t5 

SKYMOUR    -R.    CHURCH 

SAN    P^RANCISCO 

CALIKORNIA. 
U.   S.   A. 

jr\ 

Press  of  The  Htcks-JudJ  Company 

\^ 

Co 


>v: 


N   1  I  O 

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V.     I 


ENTERED   ACCORDING    TO    ACT   OF    CONGRESS,   MAY  8,   1900,  BY 

SEYMOUR    R.    CHURCH 

IN    THE    OFFICE   OF    THE    LIBRARIAN    OF    CONGRESS,  AT    WASHINGTON,   D.  C. 


s  n  -J  <^  i, 

BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


PREFACE. 


Herewith  is  presented  Volume  One  of  "Analyses  of  Pig  Iron,"  which  is  the  first 
publication  of  this  character  ever  issued. 

The  increasing  demand  from  foundrymen  and  others  for  analyses  of  different  kinds  of 
pig  iron,  led  the  publisher  to  believe  that  a  work  of  this  kind  would  deserve  the  support  of 
makers  and  melters  of  iron. 

This  work  comprises  analyses  of  pig  iron  made  in  the  United  States,  Great  Britain  and 
other  countries,  and  also  important  statistics  relative  to  the  production. 

The  analyses  in  nearly  every  instance  were  received  either  from  the  furnaces  direct  or 
from  furnace  agents,  and  although  the  publisher  realizes  that  some  of  them  do  not  seem 
correct,  yet  they  have  been  copied  just  as  they  were  received,  and  are  on  file  open  to 
inspection.  The  collecting  of  these  analyses  has  necessarily  opened  up  a  voluminous  cor- 
respondence, several  thousand  letters  having  been  written  to  obtain  the  information  con- 
tained in  this  volume,  and  if  every  furnace  had  given  the  desired  information,  a  great  many 
more  analyses  could  have  been  published,  but  some  of  them  declined  to  give  same ;  however, 
the  publisher  hopes  that  when  the  different  makers  of  pig  iron  see  this  work  they  will  at 
once  realize  its  importance  and  furnish  the  desired  information  for  the  next  volume,  which 
will  be  published  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1901.  It  will  contain  entirely  new  matter, 
and  will  not  be  a  repetition  of  the  matter  contained  herein. 

The  half-tone  cuts,  representing  the  fracture  of  different  brands  and  grades  of  pig  iron, 
will  be  interesting,  as  they  show  the  various  characteristics  of  the  iron,  and  the  accompany- 
ing illustrations  of  furnaces  will  give  the  reader  a  very  good  idea  of  the  plants  where  the 
iron  is  manufactured. 

In  conclusion,  the  publisher  wishes  to  say  that  while  he  is  grateful  to  all  those  who 
have  in  any  way  contributed  information  for  this  volume,  he  is  especially  indebted  to 
Messrs.  Girvin  &  Eyre,  of  San  Francisco,  who,  through  their  London  correspondents,  have 
furnished  much  valuable  information  relative  to  the  pig  iron  made  in  Great  Britain. 

The  Publisher. 


^  PKCrCi.TY  u 

Index  to  Names  of  Companies,  United  States  of  Kff^m.'-mt.'-''''^i 


Page. 

Alabama  Consolidated  Coal  and  Iron  Company 17 

Alabama  and  Georgia  Iron  Company 27 

Alleghany  Iron  Company ^^ 

Allentown  Iron  Works til 

American  Steel  Hoop  Company  61-02 

American  Steel  and  Wire  Company  of  New  Jersey.  44-53-01 

Andover  Iron  Company 42 

Andrews  and  Hitchcock  Iron  Company,  The 53 

Antrim  Iron  Company 37 

Ashland  Coal  and  Iron  Railway  Company 35 

Ashland  Iron  and  Steel  Company 105-107 

Atlantic  Iron  and  Steel  Company 62 

Bamum-Richardson  Company 25 

Bass  Foundrj'  and  Machine  Company 17 

Belfont  Iron  Works  Company 53 

Bellefonte  Furnace  Company 62 

Berlin  Iron  Works 62 

Bethlehem  Steel  Company 62 

Big  Stone  Gap  Iron  Company 94 

Blue  Mountain  Iron  and  Steel  Company 36 

Boiling  Springs  Iron  Company 63 

Bonbrake,  Burkhart  and  Company 63 

Brier  Hill  Iron  and  Coal  Company 53 

Brooke  Iron  Company,  E.  &  G H3 

Brown-Bonnell  Iron  Company,  The 54 

Buffalo  Charcoal  Iron  Company 45 

Buffalo  Furnace  Company 45 

Buffalo  Iron  Company   90 

Burden  Iron  Company,  The 45 

Calumet  Iron  and  Steel  Company 28 

Cambria  Steel  Company 63 

Campbell  Iron  Company,  The 54 

Carbon  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 63 

Carnegie  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The 64 

Carrie  Furnaces 64 

Cedar  Point  Furnace 45 

Centre  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company 54 

Charlotte  Iron  Works 45 

Chattanooga  Furnace  Company 91 

Cherry  Valley  Iron  Works 54 

Chesnut  Grove  Furnace  64 

Chickies  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The 64 

Citico  Furnace  Company 91 

Claire  Furnace  Company,  Ltd 65 

Clare  Iron  Company 54 

Clinton  Iron  and  Steel  Company 65 

Coleraine  Iron  Works 66 

Colonial  Iron  Company 66 

Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company,  The 25 

Columbian  Land  and  Mining  Company,  The 35 

Corrigan,  McKinney  and  Company 55 

Corrigan,  McKinney  and  Company,  lessees 65 

Cranberry  Iron  and  Coal  Company 52 

Dayton  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  The 91 

Detroit  Iron  Furnace  Company .* 37 

Dulnth  Furnace  Company 41 

Dunbar  Furnace  Company 66 

Durham  Iron  Works 66 

Eagle  Furnace 107 

Eagle  Iron  Company 17 


Page. 

Elk  Rapids  Furnace 37 

Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company  43-52-66-71-73-94-96 

Emporium  Furnace  Company  77 

Etna  Manufacturing  Company  27 

Everett  Furnace 77 

Excelsior  Furnace 37 

Gaylord  Iron  Company 38 

Girard  Iron  Company 55 

Globe  Iron  Company 55 

Gracey- Wood  ward  Iron  Company 91 

Heckscher  and  Sons  Company,  R 77 

Hecla  Iron  and  Mining  Company 55 

Illinois  Steel  Company 29-107 

Irondale  Furnace 104 

Iroquois  Iron  Company 29 

Jefferson  Furnace 77 

Jefferson  Iron  Company 56-93 

Jenifer  Furnace  Company 18 

Joanna  Furnace 78 

Jones  and  Laughlin,  Ltd 77 

Jones  Valley  Iron  Company 18 

Juniata  Furnace  and  Foundry  Company 78 

Kirkland  Furnace 46 

Kittanning  Iron  and  Steel  Manufacturing  Company  ...  78 

Lackawanna  Iron  and  Steel  Company 78 

Lawrence  Furnace  Company 56 

Lebanon  Furnaces 79 

Lebanon  Valley  Furnace 79 

Leesport  Iron  Company 79 

Lehigh  Steel  and  Iron  Company 79 

Lehigh  Zinc  and  Iron  Company 79 

Liberty  Furnace 101 

Lime  Rock  Iron  Company 25 

Logan  Iron  and  Steel  Company 79 

Longdale  Iron  Company 101 

Lorain  Steel  Company,  The 56 

Low  Moor  Iron  Company  of  Virginia,  The 101 

McCoy  and  Linn 80 

McGugin  and  Company 56 

McNair  and  DeCamp 42 

Maiden  Creek  Furnace 80 

Martel  Furnace '. 39 

Marting  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  The 56 

Maryland  Steel  Company 36 

Means,  Kyle  and  Company 57 

Means  and  Russell  Iron  Company 35 

Miller,  Wagoner  and  Filser  Company,  lessees 58 

Minerva  Pig  Iron  Company 107 

Mont  Alto  Iron  Works 80 

Muirkirk  Furnace,  The 36 

Musconetcong  Iron  Works,  The 43 

Nannie  B.  Furnace 101 

Napier  Iron  Works 91 

National  Steel  Company 67-58-80 

National  Tube  Company 58-80-105 

Newberry  Furnace  Company 39 

New  Jersey  Zinc  Company,  The 43 

New  River  Mineral  Company 101 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


Page. 

Norristown  Iron  Works     80 

Northern  Alabama  Coal,  Iron  and  Railway  Company.. .     18 

Northern  Furnace  Company 39 

Northwestern  Iron  Company,  The   107 

Ohio  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  The 58 

Ohio  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  The 58 

Old  Alcalde  Furnace 93 

Oregon  Iron  and  Steel  Company 61 

Paducah  Furnace 35 

Paxton  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  The 81 

Peninsular  Iron  Company,  The 39 

Penn  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  The 58 

Pennsylvania  Furnace  Company 81 

Pennsylvania  Steel  Company,  The 81 

Pequest  Furnace ' . . . .  43 

Perkins  and  Company,  Ltd 81 

Phenix  Furnace 46 

Pickands,  Mather  and  Company 81 

Pioneer  Furnace 39 

Pioneer  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company 18 

Potts,  William  M 82 

Pott  town  Iron  Company 82 

Pottsville  Iron  and  Steel  Company 81 

Poughkeepsie  Iron  Company 46 

Princess  Furnace 101 

Pulaski  Iron  Company 102 

Punxsutawney  Iron  Company 82 

Reading  Iron  Company.   82 

Reunie  Iron  Company,  The  (Radford  Iron  Company)  . .  102 

Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Company 59-82 

Richmond  Iron  Works 36 

Roane  Iron  Company 91 

Roanoke  Furnace  Company    102 

Robesonia  Iron  Company,  Ltd 87 

Rockhill  Iron  and  Coal  Company 87 

Rome  Furnace  Company,  The 27 

Salem  Furnace 102 

Salem  Iron  Company,  The 59 

Salisbury  Carbonate  Iron  Company 25-46 

Sarah  Furnace 59 

Saxton  Iron  Company 87 

Secaucus  Iron  Company ....     44 


Page. 

Sharon  Valley  Iron  Company   27 

Sharpsville  Furnace  Company 87 

Sheffield  Coal,  Irou  and  Steel  Company 19 

Shelby  Iron  Company 19 

Sligo  Furnace  Company 42 

Slos.s-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Company 19 

Southern  Mining  Company 28 

South  Mountain  Mining  and  Iron  Company 87 

Spathite  Iron  Company 20 

Spearman  Iron  Company,  The 87 

Spring  Lake  Iron  Company,  The     41 

Star  and  Crescent  Iron  Furnace   94 

Star  Furnace  Company _ 59 

Stewart  Iron  Company,  Ltd    88 

Stickney  Iron  Company,  The 36 

Struthers  Furnace  Company,  The 59 

Superior  Charcoal  Iron  Company 40 

Susquehanna  Iron  and  Steel  Company 88 

Swatara  Furnace 88 

Tassie  Belle  Furnace 94 

Temple  Iron  Company    88 

Tenne-ssee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company 20-21-92 

Thomas  Iron  Company,  The 89 

Tonawanda  Iron  and  Steel  Company 46 

Troy  Steel  Company,  The   52 

Trussville  Furnace  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company.  21 

Tutwiler  Coal,  Coke  and  Iron  Company 22 

Union  Iron  Company 41 

Union  Iron  Works 52 

Van  Buren  Furnace 102 

Vesuvius  Iron  Company  60 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company 35-92-103-104 

Warwick  Iron  and  Steel  Company 89 

Wellman  Furnace 89 

Wellston  Iron  and  Steel  Company 60 

Weston  Furnace  Company 41 

Wharton  Furnace 44 

Wheeling  Steel  and  Iron  Company 60-105 

White,  Dixon  and  Company 93 

Woodstock  Iron  Works,  The 24 

Woodward  Iron  Company 24 

Youngstown  Steel  Company,  The 60 


Index  to  Brands,  United  States  of  America. 


Page. 
Acme 80 

Alice 20-81 

Alleghany 94 

Allentown 61 

Anchor 56 

Andover  42 

Antrim 37-40 

Anvil  82 

Ashland 35 

Attalla 17 

Aurora 88 


Page. 

Baird  45 

Belfont 53 

Bellefonte 35-62 

Belmont 105 

Big  Stone  Gap 94 

Bloom  54 

Boiling  Springs 63 

Boone 36 

Brier  Hill 53 

Bristol  103 

Brooke 63 

Buena  Vista 104 

Buffalo 45 


S.  R.  Church. 


rage, 

Calumet 28 

Carbon 63 

Carbonate 25-46 

Carnegie 92 

Carondelet  Scotch 42 

Catoctin 36 

Cedar  Point 45 

Champion 41 

Charlotte 45-65 

Chattanooga 91 

Cherokee   27-52 

Cherry  Valley 54 

Chesnut  Grove  C.  B 64 

Chickies 64 

Citico 91 

Clifton 17 

Clinton 65 

Coleraine 66 

Covington 101 

Cranberry 52 

Crane 66 

Crane  L.  P 66 

Crown  Point 44 

Crozer 104 

Dayton 91 

De  Bardeleben 20 

D.  I.  F 37 

Dora 104 

Douglas 55-65 

Dover 58-93 

Dunbar 66 

Durham 66 

Edith 61 

Eliza 77 

Elk  Rapids 37-40 

Ella 81 

Embreville 92 

Emma  53-79 

•Emporium 77 

Ensley 20 

Etna 27-62 

Etowah 17 

Eureka 21 

Everett  Basic 77 

Everett  Bessemer 77 

Everett  Mill 77 

Everett  Scotch 77 

Everett  Strong  Foundry 77 

Excelsior 37-40 


Falling  Spring 63 

F.  N 104 

Gaylord 38 

Gem 94 

Gertrude 107 

Girard 55 

Globe    55 

Grafton 59 

Graham 103 

Grand  Rivers 35 

Greensboro 52 

Greenwood 79 


Page. 

Hamilton 57 

Hecla 55-80 

Hector 65 

Henry  Clay  71 

Hinkle 105 

Hubbard  Scotch 53 

Iroquois 29 

Isabella 61 

Ivanhoe 101 

Jefferson 93 

Jenifer 18 

Joanna 78 

Kemble 66 

Kirkland 46 

Kittanning 78 

Lackawanna 78 

Lady  Ensley 19 

Lawrence  56 

Lebanon  Valley 79 

Leesport 79 

Lehigh 79 

Liberty 101 

Lincoln 55 

Longdale 101 

Lorain 56 

Low  Moor 101 

Mabel 81 

Macungie 73 

Maiden  Creek 80 

Mannie  90 

Marshall 78 

Martel 39 

Mary  Ohio  Scotch 58 

Mill 29 

Minerva 107 

Mont  Alto 80 

Mt.  Vernon 54 

Muirkirk 36 

Musconetcong 43 

Napier 91 

Niagara 46 

Nittany 73 

Northern 39 

Old  Alcalde 93 

Olive 56 

Oregon   61 

Oxford 43 

Parry 63 

Paxton 81 

Peerless 2*,) 

Pencost 56 

Peninsular   39 

Pequest 43 

Phenix 46 

Philadelphia 19 

Phcenix 54 

Pine  Grove 87 

Pioneer 18-39-40-81 

Poughkeepsie 46 

Princess 101 

Punxy 82 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


Page. 

Rebecca 78 

Richmond . .     36 

Rising  Fawn  28 

River 55 

Riverside 58-105 

Roanoke 102 

Robesonia 87 

Rockhill 87 

Rock  Run 17 

Rockwood 91 

Rome 27 

Salem 102 

Salisbury 25-46 

Sarah 59 

Secaucus 44 

Seneca 59 

Sewanee  92 

Sharpsville 87 

Sheffield 19 

Shelby 19 

Shenandoah  94 

Sheridan 81 

Sidney 107 

Silver  Spring 81 

Sligo 42 

Sloss 19 

South  Pittsburg 92 

Spathite 20 

Spearman  87 

Spring  Lake 41 

Star 59 

Star  and  Crescent 94 


Page. 

Sterling  Scotch 29 

Stewart 88 

Stickney 36 

Swede 77 

Talladega 18 

Tassie  Belle 94 

Temple 88 

Thomas  .    89 

Tonawanda 46 

Top  Mill 105 

Topton 73 

Trussville 21 

Tuscarawas 58 

U.  I.  Co.,  Det 41 

Union 52 

Vanderbilt 22 

Vesta 88 

Vesuvius 60 

Victoria 96 

Viking 63 

Virginia 101 

Vulcan 39-81 

Warwick 89 

Watts 35 

Wharton  44 

Wheeler 62 

Williamson     18 

Woodstock 24 

Woodward 24 

Wyebrookc 82 


Index  to  Names  of  Companies,  England. 


Page. 

Appleby  Iron  Company,  Ltd 116 

Armstrong,  Sir  W.  G.,  Mitchell  and  Company,  Ltd   .  .  .  119 

Bain,  James  and  Company Ill 

Barrow  Hematite  Steel  Company,  Ltd 115 

Bassano,  W.  and  Company 121 

Bell  Brothers,  Ltd 113 

Bestwood  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd 119 

Blaenavon  Company,  Ltd 117 

Bolckow,  Vaughan  and  Company,  Ltd 123 

Bradley,  T.  and  I.  and  Sons 121 

Bradley,  Thomas  and  Isaac,  Ltd 121 

Brown,  John  and  Company,  Ltd 123 

Butlin,  Thomas  and  Company,  Ltd 118 

Butterley  Company,  Ltd 112-120 

Cammel,  Charles  and  Company,  Ltd Ill 

Cargo  Fleet  Iron  Company,  Ltd 123 

Carlton  Iron  Company,  Ltd   113 

Carnforth  Hematite  Iron  Company,  Ltd 115 

Chatterley-Whitfield  Collieries,  Ltd 120 

Clay  Cross  Company 112 

Clay  Lane  Iron  Company,  Ltd 125 

Cochrane  and  Company 123 


Page. 

Cochrane  and  Companv,  Ltd 126 

Consett  Iron  Company,  Ltd 113 

Cooke,  William  and  Company,  Ltd 126 

Darwen  and  Mostyn  Iron  Company,  Ltd  115 

Davis,  E.  P 112 

Denby  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 112 

Distington  Hematite  Iron  Company,  Ltd Ill 

Earl  of  Dudley,  The 121 

Ebbw  Vale  Steel,  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  The, .  117 

Farnley  Iron  Company,  Ltd 126 

Foster,  W.  O 119 

Frodingham  Iron  and  Steel  Company 116 

Gjers,  Mills  and  Company 126 

Goldendale  Iron  Company 120 

Grazebrook,  M.  and  W 121 

Harrison,  Ainslie  and  Company,  Ltd 115 

Heath,  Robert  and  Sons,  Ltd 120 

Hickman,  Alfred,  Ltd 121 

Hingley ,  N.  and  Sons,  Ltd 121 

Holwell  Iron  Company,  Ltd 115 


6:  /?. 


c,.r.^   PRCFIRTVUel      s 

Page. 

Roberts,  William,  Ltd 122 

Round  Brothers 122 

Russell,  John  and  Company,  Ltd 122 

Samuelson,  Sir  B.  and  Company,  Ltd 127 

Seaton  Carew  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The 114 

Shakespeare,  William 116 

Sheepbridge  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd. ,  The 113 

Shelton  Iron,  Steel  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 120 

Skinningrove  Iron  Company,  Ltd   127 

Stafford  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd 120 

Stanton  Ironworks  Company,  Ltd 113 

Staveley  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd 113 

Tees-Bridge  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The 114 

Thomas,  George  and  Richard 122 

Tredegar  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 117 

Walker,  Maynard  and  Company 128 

Weardale  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 114 

Wellingborough  Iron  Company,  Ltd 118 

Westbury  Iron  Company,  Ltd 123 

West  Yorkshire  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 128 

Whitehaven  Hematite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 112 

Whitehouse,  H.  B.  and  Sons 122 

Whitwell,  William  and  Company,  Ltd 114 

Wigan  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd 115 

Williams,  Edward 128 

Williams,  Philip  and  Sons 122 

Willingsworth  Iron  Company,  The 122 

Wilsons,  Pease  and  Company 128 

Workington  Hematite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.  .  ,    112 

York  Road  Iron  Company,  The 128 


Page. 

Islip  Iron  Company 118 

Kettering  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 118 

Kirk  Brothers  and  Company,  Ltd   Ill 

Leeds  Steel  Works,  Ltd.,  The 126 

Lilleshall  Company,  Ltd 119 

Lonsdale  Hematite  Smelting  Company,  Ltd Ill 

Lowmoor  Company,  Ltd 126 

Lowther  Hematite  Iron  Company,  Ltd Ill 

Madeley  Wood  Company 119 

Midland  Coal,  Coke  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd  120 

Millom  and  Askam  Hematite  Iron  Co.,  Ltd.,  The 111-115 

Moss  Bay  Hematite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd  112 

New  Cransley  Iron  and  Steel  Company  Ltd 118 

Newton,  Chambers  and  Company,  Ltd 126 

Normauby  Ironworks  Company,  Ltd 127 

North  Eastern  Steel  Company,  Ltd 127 

North  Lincolnshire  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The 116 

North  Lonsdale  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 115 

North  Western  Hematite  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The 112 

Oakes,  James  and  Company 113 

Palmers  Shipbuilding  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd 114 

Park  Gate  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 127 

Patent  Bolt  and  Nut  Company,  Ltd 117 

Pearson,  Joseph  H ...  121 

Phipps,  Pickering  (Exrs.  of) 118 

Pyle  and  Blaina  Works,  Ltd 117 

Redbourn  Hill  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd 116 

Renishaw  Iron  Company 113 

Rhymney  Iron  Company,  Ltd 117 


Index  to  Brands,  England. 


Page. 

Acklam,  Basic 127 

Acklam,  Yorkshire 127 

Askam  Hematite  111-115 

Atlas 123 

Awsworth 112 

Ayrsome   126 

Backbarrow 115 

Bestwood 119 

B.  F.  M 121 

B  H ; 115 

B.H.S 115 

Blaenavon  (cold  blast)  117 

B.  Mine 122 

B.  S.  Bamc 127 

B.  S.  Hematite 127 

B.  S.  Newport 127 

Butlin 118 

Butterley 112 

B-V 123 


Page. 

Cargo  Fleet 123 

Carlton 113 

Carnforth  Hematite 115 

C.&C 123 

Chatterley 120 

Clarence 113 

Clay  Cross 112 

Clay  Lane 125 

Cleator 112 

Cleveland  123 

Coneygree 121 

Consett 113 

Corngreav  (cold  blast) 121 

Cransley 113 

C.xC 112 

Darwen 115 

D.D.D 112 

DenbylronCo     HI 

Derwent HI 

Distington HI 

Doncaster 118 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


Page. 

EbbwValee ll" 

E.  W.  Hematite 128 

Fenton I'-JO 

F.  I.  Co.,  Liui.  (cold  blast) 126 

Fiiiedon 118 

Frodinghani 116 

FS  -  Ayrsome— FS 126 

G.  D.  C 120 

G.  &  R.  T.  Special      122 

Granville 120 

Grazebrook  (cold  blast) 121 

G.  W.  L 128 

H— Ayrsome,  E.  H 126 

Harrington Ill 

Hatherton   122 

H.  C.  M 112 

Heath  &  Sons 120 

Hematite 114 

Holwell      115 

Islip 118 

Jarrow 114 

Kettering 118 

K.H 115 

K.  H.  H 115 

K.  H.  S  115 

Lackenby 123 

Iveeds 128 

Lilleshall,  H.  B 119 

Lilleshall  Lodge  (C.  B) 119 

Linthorpe 128 

Lion 121 

L  N  F  (cold  blast) 121 

L  N  F— D  U  D 121 

L  N  F-  XX 121 

Lonsdale  Ill 

Lorn  (cold  blast) 115 

Lowmoor  (cold   blast) 126 

Lowther Ill 

L.  S.  W 126 

Madeley  Court 119 

Madeley  Wood  Co 119 

Marron Ill 

M.  H.  M 115 

Millom  Hematite 111-115 

Mosbay 112 

Netherton 121 

N   H.  H   127 

N.L.B 116 

Normanby 127 

Northampton 118 

N.  W.  Co 112 


Page. 

Old   Hill 121 

O  O  O  0 113 

Ormesby 126 

P.  G.  Lincoln 127 

P.  N.  B.  Co 117 

Priorfield 122 

Redboum  Allmine 116 

Redcar 128 

Reedlands Ill 

Renishaw 113 

R.  H.  &  S   120 

Ridsdale  Hematite 119 

Rixons  Wboro' 118 

Roberts  Tipton  Green 122 

Round  Hange       122 

Round  Tividale 122 

S.  B.  Yorkshire 123 

Seaton  Basic 114 

Seaton  Carew 114 

Sheepbridge 113 

Shelton 120 

Skinningrove    127 

Solway Ill 

SS- Ayrsome— SS 126 

Stanton 113 

Star 117 

Staveley 113 

S.  V.  H 121 

Tees-Bridge  (Cleveland  quality) 114 

Thornaby  Hematite 114 

Thorncliffe 126 

Three  Brands  (Round  Pigs) 121 

Tinsley 126 

Tredegar 117 

Trent  116 

Tudhoe 114 

Tyneside 114 

U.  H.  M 115 

Ulverston 115 

U.  V.  C 115 

Victoria 117 

Walbrook 122 

Wall  End 122 

Weardale 114 

Westbury 123 

Westfield m 

Willingsworth 122 

Windmill  End   121 

W.  O.  (cold  blast) 122 

Woodside 123 

Workington 112 

W.S.S 120 


<>  o 


121 


S.  R.   Church. 


Index  to  Names  of  Companies,  Scotland. 


}"age. 

Baird,  William  and  Company,  Ltd 131 

Carron  Company 134 

Coltness  Iron  Company,  Ltd 133 

Dalniellington  Iron  Company,  Ltd ....    131 

Dixon,  William,  Ltd 133 

Dunlop,  James  and  Company,  Ltd 133 


Page. 

Glasgow  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 133 

Glengarnock  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The  131 

Langloan  Ironworks 133 

Merry  and  Cuninglianie,  Ltd 134 

Shotts  Iron  Company 134 

Summerlee  and  Mossend  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Ltd.,  The.  .   134 


Index  to  Names  of  Companies,  Wales. 


Page. 

Anthracite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 137 

Briton  Ferry  Works,  Ltd 138 

Br>-mbo  Steel  Company,  Ltd 137 

Cefn  Ironworks,  Ltd 138 

Crawshay  Brothers,  Cyfarthfa,  Ltd 138 

Darwen  and  Mostyn  Iron  Company,  Ltd 137 

Dowlais  Iron  Company 138 


Page. 

Forest  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd 138 

North's  Navigation  Collieries,  Ltd 138 

Pyle  and  Blaina  Works,  Ltd 138 

Sparrow,  James  and  Son 137 

Swansea  Hematite  Iron  Company,  Ltd 138 

Wright,  Butler  and  Company,  Ltd 138 


Index  to  Brands,  Scotland. 


Page. 

Calder 133 

Cambroe  134 

Carron 134 

Clyde 133 

Coltness 133 

Coltness  Hematite 133 

Dalmellington 131 

Eglinton 131 

Gartsherrie 131 


Page. 

Glengarnock 131 

Govan 133 

Govan  Hematite 133 

Langloan 133 

M.  and  C 134 

Shotts     134-^ 

Summerlee 134 

Wishaw    133 


Index  to  Brands,  Wales. 


Page. 

Brymbo 137 

Crawshay 138 

Cwm  Avon 138 

Darwen 137 

Dowlais 138 

Dowlais  Cardiff 138 

Ferry 138 


Page. 

Ffrwd  (all  mine) 137 

Forest 138 

Mine 138 

Mostyn 137 

Star 138 

Swansea  Hematite    138 


8 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


Index  to  Other  Countries. 

Page. 

Belgium 141-142-143 

Canada 147-148 

China 173 

Denmark 149 

France 151 

Germany 156-156-157 

Japan 159 

Mexico 161 

Portugal 173 

Russia 163-165-166 

Spain 167 

Sweden  169-171-172 

Switzerland 173 


Index  to  Illustrations. 


Page. 

Carbonate,  No.  3 26 

Carbonate,  No.  4 26 

Cargo  Fleet,  No.  3 124 

Clay  Lane,  White 125 

Crane  Iron  Works,  Showing  Unloading  of  Ore 70 

Crane,  No.  1  X   67 

Crane,  No.  2  X 67 

Crane  Iron  Works,  Lehigh  Canal  and  General  View  of. .  68 

Empire  Building,  New  York  (OtBces  of  Empire  Steel 

and  Iron  Co.) 95 

Gartsherrie,  No.  1 132 

Henry  Clay,  Carbonized 71 

Henry  Clay  Furnaces 72 

Hinkle,  No.  1  Soft 106 

Huddleston  Mine,  Showing  Incline  (Ore  used  at  Victoria 

Furnace) 100 

Iroquois,  No.  1 30 

Iroquois,  No.  2 31 

Iroquois,  No.  3 32 

Hannie 90 

Niagara,  No.  1  X 50 

Niagara,  No.  2  X 51 


Page. 

Niagara,  No.  3  (American  Barrow) 47 

Niagara,  Grey  Forge 48 

Nittany  Furnace 76 

Nittany,  No.  IX 74 

Old  Charcoal  Furnace,  1742  (Oxford  View) 69 

Peerless  (Iroquois) 34 

Punxsutawney  Furnace  (Ready  for  the  Cast) 84 

Punxsutawney  Furnace,  Worm's  Eye  View  of 86 

Punxsutawney  Iron,  Grading 85 

"Punxy,"  No.  2 83 

Sterling  Scotch  (Iroquois) 33 

Tonawanda  Scotch,  No.  IX 49 

Trussville,  White 21 

Valentine  Furnace  (Loading  Famous  Nittany  Iron) ....  75 

Vanderbilt,  No.  1  Foundry 22 

Vanderbilt,  No.  2  Foundry 23 

Vanderbilt,  No.  1  Soft 23 

Vanderbilt.  No.  2  Soft 24 

Victoria,  No.  1  Foundry 97 

Victoria,  No.  2  Foundry 98 

Victoria,  No.  1  Soft 96 

Victoria,  No.  1  Strong 99 


Index — Miscellaneous. 


Page. 

Analysis  of  Iron  in  Mixture,  by  Wm.  Christie  Herron 9 

Pig  Iron  ;  Impurities,  Grading,  etc.,  by  W.  T.  Shepard 11 

Production  of  Pig  Iron  in  the  United  States 13 

American  Pig  Iron  Stocks 14 

Imports  of  Pig  Iron  into  the  United  States,  1871-1899 14 

Production  of  Pig  Iron  in  the  United  States,  Great  Britain  and  Germany, 

1889-1899 16 


ANALYSIS  OF  IRON  IN  MIXTURE. 


BY  WM.  CHRISTIE  HERRON. 


The  ambition  of  every  foundryman  is  to  secure  castings  as  nearly  perfect  as  possible, 
and  to  accomplish  this  the  element  of  silicon  must  be  watched  particularly. 

In  foundry  practice  where  pig  alone  is  used  the  No.  2  Foundry  Grade  is  the  most 
popular  in  making  ordinary  castings  because  it  contains  usually  the  most  accommodating 
percentage  of  silicon,  about  2.50. 

It  is  the  belief  of  many  that  better  results  are  obtained  using  No.  2  Soft  with  No.  3 
Foundry,  and  diflferent  brands,  if  in  affinity.  Here  the  silicon  in  the  No.  2  Soft  will 
approximate  3%  and  in  the  No.  3  Foundry,  2%,  giving  the  No.  2  Foundry  Grade  average 
of  2^%  silicon. 

It  is  quite  superfluous  to  say  that  the  percentage  of  silicon  to  be  used  depends  upon 
the  character  of  castings  desired. 

Silicon  acts  upon  the  carbon  causing  a  change  from  the  combined  to  the  graphitic 
state.  Low  silicon  results  in  more  combined  carbon,  less  graphite  and  castings  more  or 
less  hard.  Higher  silicon  produces  more  graphite,  less  of  the  combined  carbon  and  softer 
castings. 

It  is  in  this  change  produced  by  silicon  that  the  carbon  becomes  more  graphitic  and 
that  small  expansion  into  a  trifle  more  bulk  is  wherein  the  shrinkage  is  overcome. 

Too  much  silicon  is  as  injurious  as  too  little. 


10  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


GRAPHITE— 

Retards  fluidity. 

Opens  the  grain. 

Renders  heavy  castings  porous  when  in  excess. 

Total  Carbon  should  not  be  less  than  3.25% 


MANGANESE— 


Closes  grain,  increases  shrinkage  and  adds  strength. 
Also  reduces  tendency  to  blowholes. 
Should  not  exceed  .5% 


SULPHUR- 


Promotes  blowholes,  weakens  the  metal,  increases  shrinkage. 
Should  not  exceed  .05% 


PHOSPHORUS— 


Promotes  fluidity,  reduces  shrinkage,  reduces  strength. 

(Except  that  in  reducing  shrinkage  it  relieves  the  casting  from  strain.) 

Should  exist  from  .5%  to  .8% 


SHvICON— 


Promotes  fluidity,  decreases  shrinkage,  reduces  strength. 
Should  exist  in  heavy  castings  from  1>^%  to  2%; 
in  medium  2%  to  3% ;    in  very  light  4%  to  6% . 


When  you  want  strength  never  get  the  Silicon  and  Phosphorus  high  at  the  same  time. 


PIG  IRON; 


IMPURITIES,    GRADING,    ETC. 


Vritten  by  W.  T.  SHEPARD,  Secretary  Tonawanda  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  North  Tonawanda,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

Especially  for  this  Publication. 


The  ordinary  impurities  which  are  found  in  Pig  Iron  are  silicon,  sulphur,  phosphorus, 
manganese,  combined  and  graphitic  or  free  carbon.  There  are  rarely  any  other  elements 
entering  into  pig  iron  in  sufficiently  large  amounts  to  warrant  consideration.  The 
aggregate  of  impurities  in  ordinary  foundry  iron  rarely  reaches  10%,  the  remainder  of 
course  is  metallic  iron. 

Each  impurity  mentioned  above  has  its  own  individual  way  of  influencing  the  character 
of  resultant  castings,  and  also  of  changing  the  nature  of  the  pig  iron  On  this  account 
the  physical  appearance  of  pig  iron  varies.  To  the  layman  pig  iron  is  pig  iron,  but 
the  consumer  must  know  the  character  of  the  iron  he  is  using.  The  most  common  way 
in  the  past  has  been  for  a  consumer  to  continue  using  the  brand  and  grade  with  which 
he  has  been  familiar,  and  to  depart  from  it  only  with  fear  and  trembling,  after  the  trial 
of  a  sample  lot  of  other  iron. 

Every  blast  furnace  has  a  name,  and  up  to  date  most  makers  of  foundry  iron  cling 
to  the  old-fashioned  rule  of  thumb  method  of  grading,  which  is  by  physical  appearance 
of  fracture.  There  is  no  question  but  that  this  method  is  better  than  no  grading  at  all, 
but  it  is  very  misleading  and  inaccurate.  It  is  a  rough  approximation  at  the  only  true 
way,  namely,  by  chemical  analysis. 

One  general  scheme  of  grading  obtains  all  over  the  United  States,  but  a  slight  differ- 
ence exists  between  Northern  and  Southern  furnaces.  The  grades  of  the  former  generally 
are  about  as  follows  :  No.  Ix,  No.  2x,  No.  2  Plain,  No.  3,  Grey  P'orge,  Mottled  and  White; 
of  the  latter  No.  1  Fdy.,  No.  2  Fdy.,  No.  3  Fdy.,  No.  1  Soft,  No.  2  Soft,  Silvery,  No.  4  or 
Grey  Forge,  Mottled  and  White. 

The  only  difference  between  the  Northern  and  Southern  systems  of  grading  is  that 
No.  Ix  is  more  open  grained  than  No.  1  Fdy.,  and  that  the  No.  "2x  and  2  Plain  grades 
united  make  the  Southern  No.  2  Fdy. 

While  No.  1  Soft,  No.  2  Soft,  and  Silvery  grades  of  foundry  iron  are  quite  common 
at  Southern  furnaces  on  account  of  the  stock  used  and  method  of  operating  the  furnaces, 
they  are  so  uncommon  in  the  North  that  should  any  be  made  they  are  usually  absorbed 
in  Ix,  2x  or  2  Plain  as  the  case  may  be. 

In  order  to  grade  by  fracture  the  iron  is  broken ;  the  most  open  grained  iron  and 
that  which  carries  a  uniform  open  grain  to  the  outside  of  the  pig,  is  called  No.  Ix;  the 
slightly  closer  grained  and  that  which  has  a  still  closer  grained  band  running  around  the 
outside  of  the  pig,  is  called  No.  2x;  2  Plain  has  either  a  uniform  closer  fracture  than  the 
2x  or  else  it  has  a  fracture  like  the  2x  at  the  top  of  the  pig  (i.  e.  toward  the  flat  side)  and 


12  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


is  considerably  closer  at  the  bottom.  No.  .S  is  uniformly  closer  than  No.  2  Plain.  Grey 
Forge  has  a  hard  appearance,  is  usually  honeycombed  on  the  face  or  top  of  the  pig,  and 
frequently  has  a  slight  band  or  wire  chill  around  the  edge.  Its  grain  is  slightly  closer 
than  No.  3. 

Mottled  iron  is  so  called  because  that  describes  it.  It  is  of  mottled  appearance  and 
is  really  No.  5  grade.  White  iron,  or  No.  6  is  white  and  rings  when  struck  with  a 
hammer. 

The  diflFerence  in  these  grades,  all  made  by  the  same  furnace  from  the  same  stock,  is 
due  to  the  chemical  constituents.  If  the  consumer  knew  what  he  needed  and  what  he 
didn't  want  chemically  he  would  have  no  use  for  the  grading  described  above.  In  other 
words,  the  laboratory  should  do  the  grading. 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  the  system  of  grading  by  fracture  was  founded.  Instead  of  being 
assorted  on  account  of  the  beneficial  or  injurious  impurities  which  it  contained  and  which 
could  be  found  out  only  by  means  of  chemists  and  laboratory,  it  was  sorted  by  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  iron,  which  features  were  caused  by  its  chemical  constituents.  It  goes 
without  saying  that  if  one  knows  the  agent  that  causes  a  condition  it  is  unnecessary  to 
inquire  into  the  condition,  particularly  when  the  latter  is  quite  obscure.  For  instance, 
an  expert  furnaceman  can  tell  by  a  glance  at  his  iron  whether  or  not  it  is  high  in  sul- 
phur. He  knows  its  character  so  well  that  if  it  comes  out  by  fracture  light  colored,  hard 
and  brittle  and  of  a  Grey  Forge,  Mottled  or  White  grade,  he  immediately  concludes  that 
it  is  high  in  sulphur.  No  one  but  the  chemist  can  tell  how  much  sulphur  is  in  the 
iron.  It  is  dangerous  for  a  foundryman  to  use  too  high  sulphur  iron,  and  so  Grey  Forge 
always  used  to  be  sent  to  rolling  mills  alone.  If  by  means  of  analysis  (the  fracture  being 
Grey  Forge)  it  is  found  that  the  sulphur  is  not  too  high,  the  iron  is  suitable  and  desirable 
for  use  in  the  grey  iron  foundry.  High  sulphur  is  the  curse  of  foundrymen,  but  excess  sul- 
phur in  castings  is  attributable  99  times  out  of  100  to  the  fuel  used  in  the  foundry.  Too 
much  sulphur  causes  weak,  light  colored,  brittle  and  very  shrinky  castings.  The  amount 
of  sulphur  that  can  be  safely  carried  in  castings  of  different  character  must  be  deter- 
mined in  each  case  by  physical  and  chemical  tests  in  conjunction.  For  general  castings 
it  is  wise  to  have  sulphur  kept  below  .07%.  Some  authorities  maintain  that  such  cast- 
ings as  cylinders  are  not  injuriously  affected  if  the  sulphur  is  .08  or  .09%. 

Graphitic  Carbon  is  a  softener  but  if  in  excess  amount  will  cause  dirty  castings  on 
account  of  the  iron  being  too  rich.  This  can  be  corrected  by  using  No.  4  pig  or  scrap  in 
the  mixture. 

Silicon  is  a  softener  and  fluidizer  when  used  moderately,  but  if  in  excess  it  has  a 
tendency  to  harden.     The  exact  amount  for  different  work  is  determined  by  experience. 

Phosphorus  is  a  fluidizer  and  if  in  excess  weakens  the  iron  materially. 

Manganese  has  a  tendency  to  close  the  grain  of  iron,  and  yet  it  really  operates  as  a 
softener.  This  is  undoubtedly  due  to  its  affinity  for  sulphur  if  at  a  high  heat,  so  that  it 
really  acts  as  a  flux. 


6".  R.   Church.  13 


PRODUCTION  OF  PIG  IRON  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

FURNISHED  BY  ROGERS,  BROWN  &  CO. 

1810 53,908  1860 821,223 

1820 20,000  1870 1,665,178 

1830 165,000  1880 3,835,191 

1840 286,903  1890 9,202,703 

1850 563,755  1899 13,620,703 


Production  of    Pig  Iron  in  the  United    States,  from  1896  to  1899,  by  States. 

Gross  tons  of  2240  pounds. 


States. 

Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

Georgia 

Alabama 

Texas     

West  Virginia 

Kentucky   

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota  

Mis-souri    

Colorado 

Total 


1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1,873 

3,284 

3,661 

2,476 

10,187 

8,336 

6,336 

10,129 

206,075 

243,304 

228,011 

264,346 

59,163 

95,696 

100,681 

127,598 

4,024,166 

4,631,634 

5,537,832 

6,5.58,878 

79,472 

193,702 

190,974 

234,477 

386,277 

307,610 

283,274 

365,491 

\  17,744  17,092  13,762  17,835 


922,170 

947,831 

1,033,676 

1,083,905 

1,221 

6,175 

5,178 

5,803 

108,569 

132,907 

192,699 

187,858 

70,660 

35,899 

100,724 

119,019 

248,338 

272,130 

263,439 

346,166 

1,196,326 

1,. 372, 889 

1,986,358 

2,-378,212 

925,239 

1,117,2.39 

1,365,898 

1,442,012 

149,511 

132,. 578 

147,640 

134,443 

158,484 

103,909 

172,781 

203,175 

12,548 
45,104 

23,883  ) 
6,582  1 

141,010 

138,880 

8,623,127 

9,662,680 

11,773,934 

13,620,703 

14  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


AHERICAN    Pia    IRON    STOCKS 

Total  Furnace  and  American  pig  iron  warehouse  stocks  January  1st  of  each  year  were  as  follows: 

1898 1,042,882 

1899 659,621 

1900 142,781 


IMPORTS  OF  PIG  IRON  INTO  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  THE  YEARS  NAMED,   INCLUDING 
SPIEGELEISEN,  FERRO-MANGANESE  AND  FERRO-SILICON. 

Gross  Tons. 

1871 219,228 

1875 74,939 

1880 : 700,864 

1885 146,740 

1890 134,955 

1891  67,179 

1892 70,125 

1893 54,394 

1894 15,582 

1895 53,232 

1896 56,272 

1897 19,212 

-  ■           1898 25,152 

1899 40,372 


5".    R.    Church.  /j 


Production  of  PIG  IRON  in  the  United  States,  Great  Britain  and  Germany 

FROM  1889  TO  1899  inclusive. 


Years 

United  States 
Gross  Tons 

Great  Britain 
Gross  Tons 

Germany 

Metric  Tons 

1889 

7,603,642 

8,322,824 

4,524,558 

1890 

9,202,703 

7,904,214 

4,658,450 

1891 

8,279,870 

7,406,064 

4,641,217 

1892 

9,157,000 

6,709,255 

4,937,461 

1893 

7,124,502 

6,976,990 

4,986,003 

1894 

6,657,388 

7,427,342 

5,380,038 

1895 

9,446,308 

7,703,459 

5,464,501 

1896 

8,623,127 

8,659,681 

6,372,575 

1897 

9,662,680 

8,796,465 

6,864,405 

1898 

11,773,934 

8,609,719 

7,232,988 

1899 

13,620,703 

9,305,319 

8,029,305 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 


5.  R.  Church.  '  // 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 

ALABAMA 

Alabama  Consolidated  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Birmingham,  Jefferson  County. 
Stacks,  2  at  Ironaton,  Talladega  County;  1  at  Gadsden,  Etowah  County,  and  1  at  Birming- 
ham, Jefferson  County.  Total  capacity,  1")0,()(K)  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  red 
and  brown  hematite.     Brands,  "Clifton"  and  "Etowah." 

No.  1          No.  2          No.  3          No.  4          No.  5          No.  1           No  2  Silvery 

Soft.            Soft.  Grey. 

2.50        2.25        2.00        1.75         1.00        3.00        3.00  4.00 

Silicon to              to             to              to              to              to             to  to 

2.75        2.50        2.25        2.00        1.75        3.50        4.50  6.00 

.20           .20  .17 

Phosphorus .30           .35            .40           .45            .45             to             to  to 

.30           .30  .30 

.020         .02  .015 

Sulphur .03           .035         .04           .04           .05             to             to  to 

.025         .03  .020 

.75  .75 

Manganese 1.10         1.25         1.30         1.35         1,35         100             to  to 

1.25  1.00 

.35           .36           .35           .35           .35           .35           .35  .35 

Combined  Carbon to             to              to             to             to              to             to  to 

.50           .50           .50           ..50           .50           .50           .50  .60 

2.25        2.26        2.26        2.25        2.25        2.25        2.25  2.25 

Graphitic  Carbon to             to             to              to              to             to              to  to 

3.60        3.50        3.60        3.50        3.50        3.50        3.50  3.50 

This  company  makes  all  grades  of  iron  ranging  in  phosphorus  from  .17  to  .50  and  sulphur  from  .01  to  .09. 


Bass  Foundry  and  Machine  Company,  Rock  Run,  Cherokee  County.  Rock  Run 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  15,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  local  brown 
hematite.     Brand,  "  Rock  Run." 

No    1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4.  No.  5. 

Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur  

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.150  3.000  2.90  2.70  2.20 


1.500 

1.150 

.85 

.66 

.36 

.360 

.360 

.36 

.36 

.36 

.018 

.016 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.850 

.800 

.82 

.86 

.90 

.360 

.460 

.60 

.90 

1.10 

Eagle  Iron  Company,  Attalla,  Etowah  County.  Attalla  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  18,00(J  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  red  and  brown  hematite.  Brand, 
"Attalla." 

This  furnace  is  operated  by  the  Rome  Furnace  Company,  Rome,  Ga.,  and  the  analysis  of  this  iron  is  approximately 
the  same  as  made  by  that  company. 


i8 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


ALABAMA    (Continued) 

Jenifer  Furnace  Company,  Jenifer,  Talladega  County.     Jenifer  Furnace.     Stacks,! 
Capacity,  12,000  tons  per  year.    Fuel,  charcoal.    Ore,  local  brown  hematite.  Brand,  "Jenifer." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 3.40 

Phosphorus .80 

Sulphur .... 

Manganese 1 .  20 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

2.60 

1.80 

2.40 

.90 

1.00 

1.40 

.05 



1.90 

1.80 

2.30 

Jones  Valley  Iron  Company,  Birmingham,  Jefferson  County.     Williamson  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  18,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.      Ores,  red  and  brown  hematite. 


Brand,  "Williamson." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus . . 

Sulphur 

Manganese 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  1 

No.  2 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Soft. 

Soft. 

2.750 

2.500 

2.250 

3.50 

3.25 

.740 

.740 

.740 

.033 

.033 

.033 

.... 

.510 

.510 

.510 

Northern  Alabama  Coal,  Iron  and  Railway  Company,  Talladega,  Talladega 
County.  Talladega  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Alabama 
and  West  Virginia  coke.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Talladega." 


No.  2. 

Silicon 3.790 

Phosphorus .358 

Sulphur 047 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 


No.  3. 

No.  4. 

silvery 
Grev. 

3.000 

1.790 

5.210 

.370 

.368 

.590 

.053 

.058 

.019 

.348 

.200 

.600 

Pioneer  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  Thomas,  Jefferson  County.  Pio- 
neer Furnace.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  95,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Alabama  coke. 
Ores,  red  and  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Pioneer." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon. 
Graphitic  Carbon . 


No.  1  X. 

No.  1 
Foundry. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

No.  3 
F'oundrj". 

Grey 
Forge. 

No.  1 
Soft. 

No  2 
Soft. 

2.200 

2.110 

2.420 

2.300 

2.460 

2.820 

2.680 

.800 

.700 

.812 

.800 

.819 

.712 

.780 

.018 

.019 

.015 

.052 

.098 

.008 

.010 

.580 

.510 

.500 

.770 

.550 

.540 

.500 

.120 

.240 

.190 

.360 

.540 

.180 

.150 

3.621 

3.511 

3.146 

2.980 

2 .  731 

2.240 

3.400 

5".  R.  Church.  ig 


No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

No.  1 

No.  2 

Grey 

Poiindry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Soft. 

Soft. 

Forge. 

'2.500 

1  .  750 

1.400 

3 .  250 

3.000 

1.000 

1.250 

1.250 

1 .  250 

1 .  250 

1.250 

1 .  250 

.0-21 

.026 

.032 

.022 

.025 

.03!) 

.650 

.600 

.600 

.700 

.700 

.620 

.300 

.320 

.340 

.200 

.180 

.400 

ALABAMA   (Continued) 

Sheffield  Coal,  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Sheffield,  Colbert  County.  Sheffield 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  W.  Total  capacity,  '255,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Alabama  and  Virginia 
coke.     Ores,  Alabama  and  Tennessee  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Sheffield." 

No.  1 
Foundry, 

Silicon 2 .  750 

Pho-sphorus 1 .  250 

Sulphur .031 

Manganese .  650 

Combined  Carbon .  270 

Graphitic  Carton 3.000         2.970         2.770         2.750         3.000         3.220         2.620 


Shelby  Iron  Company,  Shelby,  Shelby  County.     Shelby  Furnaces.     Stacks,  2.    Total 
capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.      Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "Shelby." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Birmingham,  Jefferson  County.     Sloss 

Furnaces.     Stacks,    4.      Total    capacity,  225,000   tons    per   year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  red 
fossiliferous,  hard  and  soft,  and  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Sloss." 

No.  1                      No.  2                      No.  3  Grey 

Foundry.               Foundry.               Foundry.  Forge. 

Silicon 3.600                 3.300                 3.100  2.300 

Pho.sphoru.s .650                   .650                   .640  .640 

Sulphur .045                   .033                   .035  .080 

Manganese .482                   .349                   .430  .680 


Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Sheffield,  Colbert  County.  Hattie 
Ensley  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  48,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  local 
brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Lady  Ensley." 

No.  1  No.  2  No.  3  Grey 

Foundry.  Foundry.  Foundry.  Forge. 

Silicon   3.122  3.050  3.010  2.280 

Phosphorus. .583  .745  ,716  .760 

Sulphur .009  .024  .024  .045 

Manganese .634  .720  .576  .691 

Combined  Carbon    .060  .070  .110  .240 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.370  3.280  3.210  3.070 


Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Florence,  Lauderdale  County.  Phila- 
delphia Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  P'uel,  coke.  Ore,  brown 
hematite.     Brand,  "  Philadelphia." 

Could  not  obtain  analy.sis  of   this  iron. 


20 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


ALABAMA  (Continued) 

Spathite  Iron  Company,  Birmiagham,  Jefferson  County.  Spathite  Furnace,  No.  1. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Alabama  coke.  Ores,  spathite  and 
brown.     Brand,  "  Spathite." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 3 .  498 

Phosphorus .  795 

Sulphur .033 

Manganese 1 .  344 

Combined  Carbon .  182 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.220 


Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,    Birmingham,  Jefferson    County. 

Alice  Furnaces.     Stacks,  2.     Capacity,  113,000  tons  per   year.     Fuel,  Pratt  coke.     Ores, 
red  and  brown.     Brand,  "  Alice." 

Basic. 

•                                                 Silicon,  under 1 .00 

Phosphorus,  under 1 .  00 

I                              Sulphur,  under .05 


Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  Bessemer,  Jefferson  County. 
Stacks,  5.  Total  capacity,  292,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pratt  and  Blue  Creek  coke. 
Ores,  red  and  brown.     Brand,  "  De  Bardeleben." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic    Carbon 


No.   1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

Grey 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Forge. 

2.530 

2.470 

2.500 

2.260 

1.890 

.780 

.840 

.820 

.840 

.820 

.051 

.030 

.055 

.049 

.082 

.290 

.410 

.490 

.480 

.350 

.570 

.550 

.690 

.680 

.860 

2.640 

2.730 

2.690 

2.700 

2.320 

Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  Ensley,  Jefferson  County. 
Ensley  Furnaces.  Stacks,  4.  Total  capacity,  292,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pratt  coke. 
Ores,  red   and   brown.     Brand,  "  Ensley.'' 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 
Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon. 


No.   1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

Grey 

foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Forge. 

2.250 

2.140 

1.880 

1.730 

1.680 

.720 

.730 

.720 

.680 

.700 

.035 

.037 

.043 

.047 

.065 

.510 

.700 

.460 

.590 

.620 

.470 

.450 

.490 

.850 

.910 

3.080 

3.050 

3.040 

2.450 

2.480 

?  &  DIEP*^! 


S.  R.  Church.       (if      PRCFLfiVLr      ^\2r 

Vv^-i ^-^ — 


ALABAMA   (Continued) 


^■.¥ 


Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  Oxmoor,  Jefferson  County. 
Oxmoor  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  126,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pratt  and 
Blue  Creek  coke.     Ores,  red  and  brown.     Brand,  "  Eureka." 


Silicon   

Phosphorus 

Sulphur   

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon 


No.   2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

No.  1 

No.  2 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Soft. 

Soft. 

1.920 

2.010 

1.940 

3.150 

3.500 

.880 

.890 

.880 

.860 

.850 

.035 

.039 

.060 

.025 

.016 

.450 

.470 

.490 

.290 

.340 

.530 

.650 

.890 

.200 

.190 

2.740 

2.560 

2.360 

2.940 

2.890 

Trussville  Furnace  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  Trussville,  Jefferson 
County.  Trussville  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Ala- 
bama coke.     Ores,  red  and  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "Trussville." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


No.  \. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

Grey  Forge. 

3.925 

2.878 

2.610 

1.750 

.486 

.556 

.520 

.445 

.035 

.042 

.061 

.059 

.417 

.479 

.408 

■  >  •  ■ 

.052 

.067 

.080 

1.012 

3.425 

3.160 

2.895 

2.671 

WHITE   TRUSSVILLE. 


22 


Analyses  of  Pig   Iron 


ALABAMA  (Continued) 

TuTWiLER  Coal,  Coke  and  Iron  Company,  Birmingham,  Jefferson  County. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  36,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  red  fossil  and  brown 
hematite.     Brand,  "Vanderbilt." 


Silicon 

Phcsphorus . 
Sulphur  ... 
Manganese 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

No.  1 

No.  2 

oundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

Soft. 

Soft. 

Mottled. 

Grey  For: 

3.12 

2.990 

2.18 

2.380 

3.260 
1.050 

4.490 

2.610 
1.069 

2.680 
.790 

.045 

.  .095 

.022 

.016 

.089 



.100 

.140 

No    1  FOUNDRY  VANDERBILT. 


4^^'^^ 


kS".  R.  Church. 


23 


ALABAMA   (Continued) 

TUTWILER  COAL,  COKE  AND  IRON  COMPANY 


No.  2     FOUNDRY  VANDERBILT. 


No.  1  SOFT  VANDERBIIvT. 


24 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


ALABAMA   (Continued) 

TUTWILER  COAL,  COKE  AND  IRON  COMPANY. 


No.  2  SOFT  VANDERBILT. 


Woodstock  Iron  Works,  The — Anniston,  Calhoun  County.  Woodstock  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  60,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Alabama  coke.  Ore,  local  brown 
hematite.     Brand,  "  Woodstock.'' 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


No.  2 
Foundry. 

No.  3 
Foundry. 

No.  1 
Soft. 

No.  2 
Soft. 

Grey 
Forge. 

1.727 

1.073 

2.193 

2.333 

.938 

.539 

.646 

.772 

.728 

.752 

.004 

.016 

.007 

.008 

,020 

1.129 

.908 

.786 

.908 

.834 

.560 

.640 

.328 

.360 

.520 

3.322 

3.216 

3.412 

3.362 

3.216 

Woodward  Iron  Company,  Woodward,  JeiFerson  County.    Stacks,  2.    Total  capacity, 
100,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  red  fossiliferous.     Brand,  "  Woodward." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


.S".  R.  Church.  25 


COLORADO 

Colorado   Fuel   and  Iron   Company,  The — Pueblo,   Pueblo  County.     Stacks,   3. 
Total  capacity,  200,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  limonite  and  magnetite. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


CONNECTICUT 

Barnum-Richardson  Company,  East  Canaan,  Litchfield  County.  Canaan  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  Salisbury  brown 
hematite.     Brand,  "Salisbury." 

No.  2. 

Silicon 1.600 

Phosphorus 290 

Sulphur .025 

Manganese .620 

Combined  Carbon .  150 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.590 


No.  3. 

No.  4. 

.920 

.74 

.290 

.32 

.028 

.04 

.560 

.43 

.280 

.75 

3 .  260 

2.49 

Lime   Rock    Iron  Company,  Lime  Rock,  Litchfield  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity, 
5000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Salisbury  brown  hematite. 

Analysis  same  as  Barnum-Richardson  Company.     .See  above. 


Salisbury  Carbonate  Iron  Company,  Chapinville,  Litchfield  County.  Landon  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  4r)00  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  roasted  carbon- 
ate from  Amenia,  New  York,  and  Kelley,  Amenia,  and  Shaker  hematites.  Brands, 
''Salisbury  "  and  "Carbonate." 

No.  2. 

Silicon 1 .  843 

Phosphorus .  254 

Sulphur    .049 

Manganese 400  .400  .650  .120  .160 

Combined  Carbon 080  .120  .160  900  .900 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.900         3  120        2.980         2.320         1.850 


CARBONATE. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  Ayi. 

No.  5. 

1.290 

733 

.676 

.368 

.300 

.329 

.225 

.290 

.045 

.044 

.035 

.042 

26 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


CONNECTICUT    (Continued) 

SALISBURY  CARBONATK  IRON  COMt'ANY. 


No.  3  CARBONATE 


No.  4  CARBONATE 


S.  R.  Church. 


27 


CONNECTICUT  (Continued) 

3harox    Valley   Iron    Company,    Sharon  Valley,    Litchfield  County.      Stacks,   1. 
Capacity,  4500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Salisbury. 


Analysis  same  as  Barnum-Richardson  Company.     See  page  25. 


'^^'^^ 


^^^'^ 


[.?  8l  DIESFL 


PRCPLRTY  OF    sj) 


GEORGIA 

Alabama  and  Georgia  Iron  Company,  Cedartown,  Polk  County.  Stacks,  1.  Ca- 
pacity, 25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  and  coke.  Ores,  red  and  brown  hematite. 
Brand,  "Cherokee" 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  5.        Grey  Forge.    Silvery  Grey. 

Silicon 3.060  2.360  1.670  2.440  3.680  5.060 


Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic   Carbon  . 


.934 
.036 
.412 
.510 
2.590 


1.008 
.024 
.147 
.545 

2.800 


.985 
.017 

.570 
2.640 


.355 
.011 
.324 
.320 
2.600 


386 
013 


.638 
.083 


Etna  Manufacturing  Company,  Etna,    Polk    County.     Etna   Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Etna." 

No.    1. 

Silicon 1.080 

Phosphorus .420 

Sulphur .... 

Manganese Trace 

Combined  Carbon .  743 

Graphitic  Carbon 1.368 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  5. 

.920 

1.460 

1.019 

.644 

.501 

.602 

.690 

.462 

.015 

032 

.200 

Trace 

1.002 

.880 

1.160 

.822 

1.460 

1.980 

1 .  590 

1.421 

Rome  Furnace  Company,  The — Rome,  Floyd  County.     Rome  Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  15,500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Rome." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 1 .  970 

Phosphorus .037 

Sulphur Trace 

Manganese    .  719 

Combined  Carbon    ....  .  184 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .088 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  6. 

1.219 

.560 

.470 

.700 

.415 

.340 

.350 

.266 

Trace 

Trace 

.002 

Trace 

.813 

.940 

.600 

.110 

.421 

.690 

.490 

.850 

2.820 

2.570 

3.440 

2.320 

28 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


GEORGIA    (Continued) 

Southern  Mining  Company,  Rising  Fawn,  Dade  County.  Rising  Fawn  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  36,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  brown  and  red.  Brand, 
"  Rising  Fawn." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur .    

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon . 


No.  1 

Foundry. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

No.  3 
Foundry. 

No.  1 
Soft. 

No.  2 
Soft. 

Grey 
Forge. 

2.98 
1.18 

2.90 
1.32 

2.02 

1.27 

3.26 
1.42 

3.24 
1.19 

2.25 
1.26 

.21 
.12 

2.78 

.19 

.08 
2.79 

.23 

.12 

2.99 

.12 
.15 

2.78 

.42 

.09 

3  38 

.15 

.09 

3.11 

ILLINOIS 

Calumet  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  South  Chicago,  Cook  County.  Calumet  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  75,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake 
Superior.     Brand,  "  Calumet." 

Average  Analysis. 

Silicon 2 .  640 

Sulphur 007 

Combined  Carbon .  250 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  010 


5.  R.   Church. 


29 


ILLINOIS   (Continued) 


Illinois  Steel  Company,  Chicago. 


Name  of  Works. 

Location. 

County 

Fuel. 

Total 
No.  of  Stacks. 

Annual  Capacity, 

North  Works 
South  Works 
Union  Works 
Joliet  Works 

Chicago 
S.  Chicago 
Chicago 
Joliet 

Cook 
Cook 
Cook 
Will 

Connellsville  and  Pocahontas  coke 
i(                             11             If 

II                             ■■             11 

2 
8 
2 
3 

70,000  tons 
850,000     " 
130,000     " 
300,000     " 

Ores,  Lake   Superior,  Gogebic,  and    Minnesota  for  Bessemer  pig   iron,  and    foreign. 
Southern,  and  Western  for  spiegeleisen  and  ferromanganese. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus . 
Sulphur .... 
Manganese 


Malleable 

Basic 

Bessemer. 

Bessemer. 

Open  Hearth. 

750  to  1.50 

.75  to  2.00 

not  over   .75 

065  to     .09 

.  10  to     .  20 

.75  to  1.50 

below   .05 

below   .  05 

below     .  05 

.75 

.  60  to  1 .  40 

.75  to  1.25 

Iroquois  Iron  Company,  South  Chicago,  Cook  County.  Iroquois  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  80,000  tons  per  year.  New  furnace  building,  estimated  annual  capacity  after 
completion  of  second  furnace,  180,000  tons.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brands, 
"Iroquois,"  "Sterling  Scotch,"  "Peerless'"  and  "Mill." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 2  25  to  2 .  50 

Phosphorus 30  to     .40 

Sulphur 02  to     .05 

Manganese 40  to     .60 


Iroquois 

No.  2. 

1 .  75  to  2 .  25 

No  3.         Sterling  Scotch. 

1.35  to  1.75    2.50  to  3.00 
.30  to    .40       .30  to    .40 
.02  to    .06       .02  to     .04 
.40  to    .60       .40  to    .60 

Peerless. 

3.00  to  3.50 
.  30  to    .  40 
.02  to    .04 
.40  to    .60 

Mill. 

.30  to    .40 
.02  to     .05 
.  40  to     .  60 

.30  to  .40 
.04  &  up. 
.40  to  .60 

30 


Analyses    of  Pig  Iron 


ILLINOIS   (Continued) 


IROQUOIS  IRON  COMPANY. 


No.  1  IROQUOIS 


vS".   R.   Church. 


31 


ILLINOIS  (Continued) 


IROQUOIS  IRON  COMPANY. 


No.  2  IROQUOIS 


32 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


ILLINOIS  (Continued) 


IROQUOIS   IRON   COMPANY. 


No.  3  IROQUOIS 


vS".  R.   Church. 


33 


ILLINOIS    (Continued) 


IROQUOIS   IRON   COMPANY. 


RTY  Cf  ^ 


STERLING    SCOTCH   (IROQUOIS) 


34 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


ILLINOIS   (Continued) 


IROQUOIS  IRON  COMPANY. 


PEERLESS   (IROQUOIS) 


S.  R.   Church.  jj 


KENTUCKY 

Ashland  Coal  and  Iron  Railway  Company,  Ashland,  Boyd  County.  Ashland 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  3.  Total  capacity,  50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  raw  coal  and  coke. 
Ores  from  Bath  County.     Brand,  "  Ashland.'' 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


CoLUMBLAN  Land  and  Mining  Company,  The — Grand  Rivers,  Livingston  County. 
Grand  Rivers  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal. 
Ore,  local  brown  hematite.        Brand,  "Grand  Rivers." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Means  &  RUvSSELL  Iron  Company,  Greenup  County.    Bellefonte  Furnace.    Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  4500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  limonite.     Brand,  "  Bellefonte." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron.  ' 


Paducah  Furnace,  Paducah,  McCracken  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  30,000  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  local  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Boone." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Middlesborough,  Bell  County.  Watts 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  75,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Middlesborough  coke. 
Ores,  fossil  and  hematites.     Brand,  "Watts.'' 

No.  1  No.  2  No.  3  No.  4  No.  2  Foundry  Grey 

Foundry.  Foundry.  Foundry.  Foundry.  Soft.  Forge.  Forge. 

Silicon 2.92 

Phosphorus .74 

Sulphur .02 

Manganese ,48 

Combined  Carbon .11 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.47  3.45  3.31  3.300  3.520  3.28  3.120 


2.40 

2.10 

1.700 

3.400 

1.50 

1.400 

.75 

,75 

.780 

.740 

.78 

,780 

.02 

.02 

.033 

,018 

,04 

,042 

.47 

.45 

.450 

.480 

.45 

,450 

.11 

.18 

.240 

.090 

.26 

,360 

j6  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


MARYLAND 

Blue  Mountain  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Catoctiu,  Frederick  County.  Stacks,  i. 
Capacity,  ;35,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  local  hematite.  Brand, 
"  Catoctin." 

No.  \.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4.  No.  1.  No.  2. 

Soft.  Soft. 

Silicon 2.50  2.25  2.00  1.60  3  00  3.50 

Phosphorus .60  .50  .50  .50  .50  .50 

Sulphur .02  .03  .04  .05  .03  .04 

Manganese .50  .50  .50  .50  .50  .50 

Combined  Carbon .20  .30  .50  .70  .25  .40 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.50  3.35  3.10  2.85  3.50  3.25 

Maryland  Steel  Company,  Sparrow's  Point,  Baltimore  County.  Stacks,  4.  Total 
capacity,  358,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  hematite  from  Cuba,  Spain, 
Africa  and  Newfoundland. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

MuiRKiRK  Furnace,  The — Muirkirk,  Prince  George  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
5000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  roasted  carbonate  and  hematite.  Brand, 
"Muirkirk." 

No.  1.  No.  2.    ,        No.  3.  No.  4.  No.  4^4".        No.  4>^.         No.  4^ 

Silicon 2.210  1.480  1.740  1.530  1.110  .620  .730 

Phosphorus 280  .292  .293  .296  270  .289  .281 

Sulphur 031  .044  .044  .040  .075  .056  .066 

Manganese 2.220  1.740  1.810  1.500  1.230  1.080  .850 

Combined  Carbon 550  .540  .430  .600  .650  .700  .410 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.010  3.160  2.980  2.720  2.270  2.600  2.470 

Stickney  Iron  Company,  The — Canton,  Baltimore  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
6000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Baltimore  carbonate.     Brand,  "  Stickney." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Richmond  Iron  Works,  Berkshire  County.  Stacks,  1  at  Richmond,  1  at  Van 
Deusenville  and  1  at  Cheshire.  Total  capacity,  15,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal. 
Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,   "Richmond." 


No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4. 

Silicon 2.198 

Phosphorus 392 

Sulphur 020 

Manganese 1 .  165 

Combined  Carbon .  240 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  420  '      3 .  300        2 .  700 


1.423 

.616 

.379 

.364 

.017 

.013 

.896 

.564 

.270 

.760 

S.  R.  Church.  37 


MICHIGAN 

Antrim  Iron  Company,  Mancelona,  Antrim  County      Antrim  Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Supeior.     Brand,  "Antrim." 

A  1.           B  1.  CI.         D  1.          S2.           H  2.  S3.        H  3.       S  4.  H  4.          5.            6. 

2.000    1.750  1.500    1.250    1.000       .750  .550     .400     .300  .200     .100     .000 

Silicon   to          to  to          to            to           to  to         to         to  to         to         to 

2.300    2  000  1.750    1.500    1.250    1.000  .750     .550     .400  .300     .200     .100 

.182       .182  .182       .182       .182       .182  .182      .182      .182  .182     .182     .182 

Phosphorus to          to  to           to          to          to  to         to         to  to         to         to 

.212       .212  212       .212       .212       .212  .212      .212     .212  .212     .212      .212 

Sulphur 014       .014  .014       .014       .014       .014  .015     .015     .015  .015     .016     .016 

Manganese 686       .686  .686       .686       .652       .652  .525       .525     .309  .309     .151      .098 

Combined  Carbon ..  .      .400       .400  .400       .400      .560       .550  .830     .830     .950  950  1.280  1.760 

Graphitic  Carbon  .. .   3.420    3.420  3  420    3.420    3.310    3.310  2.9702.970   2.620  2.620  1750  1.090 

For  Grading  Card  see  page  40. 


Detroit  Iron  Furnace  Company,  Detroit,  Wayne  County.      Stacks,  1.     Capacity, 
20,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  D.  I.  F." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Elk  Rapids  Furnace,  Elk  Rapids,  Antrim  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,   25,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Elk  Rapids." 

For  Grading  Card,  see  page  40. 


Excelsior  Furnace,  Ishpeminj?,  Marquette  County.     Stacks,    1.      Capacity,  27,500 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  ''Excelsior." 


No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4.  No.  5. 


Silicon     1.420 

Phosphorus .  252 

Sulphur .010 

Manganese .610 

Combined  Carbon    .  520 

Graphitic  Carbon   2 .  560 

For  Grading  Card,  see  page  40.. 


1.360 

1.000 

.450 

.250 

.  252 

.  243 

.240 

.250 

.010 

.012 

.013 

.016 

.530 

.410 

.300 

.280 

.560 

.580 

.730 

.940 

2.560 

2.450 

2.400 

1.850 

JS 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


MICHIGAN    (Continued) 

Gaylord  Iron  Company,  Detroit,  Wayne  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  12,000  tons 
per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  Lake  Superior  specular,  magnetic,  and  hematite.  Brand, 
"Gaylord." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


No.  1. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  5. 

1 .  850 

1.700 

.620 

.4.50 

.320 

.170 

.008 

.014 

.500 

.600 

.590 

.500 

.670 

.930 

3.300 

2.830 

2.800 

2.  GOO 

2.500 

GRADING  CARD. 


SILICON. 

Grades. 

Average  ft 

Variation  ^ 

"Scotch" 

All 

above  2.00 

No.  1  "A" 

1.85 

1.70  to  2.00 

No.  1  "B"    

1  60 

1 .  50  to  1 .  70 
1.20  to  1.50 

No.  2  "Soft" 

1.35 

No.  2  "Regular"     .  . 

. ..         1.05 

.  90  to  1 .  20 

No.  2  "Hard" 

.82 

.75  to    .90 

No.  3  "Ivow" 

.67 

.  60  to     .  75 

No.  3  "High" 

.62 

.  55  to     .  70 

Chill  >4" 

No.  4  "I,ow" 

Chills  1" 

No.  4>4 

"      1>^" 

No.  4  "High" 

"      1^"  and  top 

and  bottom  of  pig 

No.  5  "Low" 

lyOw  Mottled  Iron 

No.  5  "High"   

High  Mottled  Iron 

No.  6 

White  Iron 
.200 

Phosphorus 

15  to 

Manganese 

30  to  1 .  200 

Sulphur 

Trace  to 

.016 

S.  R.  Church. 


"'^■^^'  "^n,. 


Ll.lV   U      ^   39 


niCHIGAN    (Continued 


Martel  Furnace,  St.  Ignace,  Mackinac  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  21,000  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "Martel." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Newberry  Furnace  Company,  Newberry,  Luce  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  27,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ores,  hard  and  soft  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Vulcan." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Northern  Furnace  Company,  Chocolay,  Marquette  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity, 
25,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Northern." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Pioneer  Furnace,  Gladstone,  Delta  County.      Stacks,  1.      Capacity,  72,4:5G  tons  per 
j^ear.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Pioneer." 

For  Grading  Card,  see  page  40. 


Peninsular  Iron  Company,  The — Detroit,  Wayne  County.  Peninsular  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brand, 
"  Peninsular." 


GRADING  CARD 

SILICON. 

Grades. 

Average  % 

Variation  <^ 

"Soecial  1  " 

2  00 

or  over 

No.  1"X" 

1.75 

1.60  to  1.90 

No.  1 

1.50 

1.35  to  1.60 

No.  1  "A" 

1.25 

1.15  to  1.35 

No.  1  "B" 

1 .  25 

No.  1   "C"    

97 

.80  to  1.15 

No.  2  '  'Soft' '    

.    .             1.10 

1.00  to  1.25 

No.  2  "Medium"  . 

90 

.80  to  1.00 

No.  2  "Hard".  ..  . 

80 

.70  to     .90 

No.  3  "Soft" 

62 

.  55  to     .  75 

No.  3  "Medium" 

55 

.50  to     .60 

No.  3  "Hard"    .  .  . 

54 

No   4  "Soft" 

50 

No.  4  "Medium" 

47 

No   4  "Hard" 

35 

No.  5  "Soft" 

27 

.  25  to     .  30 

No.  5  "Hard"..  . 

25 

Mottled 

No.  6 

10 

White  iron 

Phosphorus 

.150  to     .190 

Manganese. 

.250  to  1.000 

Sulphur. .  . . 

Trace  to     .015 

Chill 


1  to  \yn" 


40 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


MICHIGAN    (Continued) 

Superior  Charcoal  Iron  Company,  Grand  Rapids. 


Name 
of  Furnace. 

Pioneer 
Antrim 
Elk  Rapids 
Excelsior 


Location. 

Gladstone 
Mancelona 
Elk  Rapids 
Ishpeming 


County. 

Delta 
Antrim 
Antrim 
Marqtiette 


Fuel. 


Ore. 


Charcoal         Lake  Superior 


No.  of 
Stacks. 

1 
1 

1 


Annual 
Capacity. 

72,436  tons 
30,000  tons 
25,000  tons 


Brand. 

"Pioneer" 
"Antrim" 
"Elk  Rapids" 


1         27,500  tons         "Excelsior" 


GRADING  CARD. 


PIONEER. 


Grade. 

A  Scotch 
B  Scotch 
C  Scotch 
No.  1  Special 
No.  1  Foundry 
No.  2  Low 
No.  2  High 
No.  3  Low 
No.  3  High 
No.  4  Low 
No.  4  High 
No.  5 
No.  6 


Silicon. 


Chill  test  of  pig. 


2 .  60  to 

2.40  to 

2 .  10  to 

1,75  to 

1 .  40  to 

1.15  to 

.90  to 

.  65  to 

.45  to 

.35  to 

.25  to 

.10  to 

.00  to 


2.90 
2.60 
2.40 
2.10 


.75 
.40 
.15 
.90 
.65 
.45 
.35 
.25 
.10 


J^  to  fi  in. 

5^  to  1    in. 

1  to  1>^  in. 

Mottled 

White 


Phosphorus 15  to     .220 

Manganese 30  to     .  700 

Sulphur Trace  to     .018 


Grade. 

Sp'l  No.  1  A 
Sp'l  No.  1  B 
Sp'l  No.  1  C 
No.  1  A 
No.  1  B 
No.  2  A 
No.  2  B 
No.  3  A 
No.  3  B 
No.  4  A 
No.  4  B 
No.  5 
No.  6 


ELK  RAPIDS. 

Silicon. 

2 .  00  and  over 

1  80  to  2.00 

1 .  60  to  1 .  80 

1 .  40  to  1 .  60 

1 .  20  to  1 .  40 

1 .  00  to  1 .  20 

80  to  1 . 00 

.  65  to    .  80 

.50  to     .65 

.35  to     .50 

.  20  to     .  35 

.  10  to     .  20 

.00  to     .10 


Chill  test  of  pig. 


M  to  5^  in. 

Yi  to    1  in. 

1  to  1>^  in. 

Mottled 

White 


Phosphorus 15  to  .  220 

Manganese 30  to  .  800 

Sulphur Trace  to  .018 


ANTRIM. 

Grade. 

Silicon. 

Chill  test  of  pig. 

No.  1  A 

2.00  to  2. 30 
1.75  to  2.00 
1.50  to  1.75 
1.25  to  1.50 
1.00  to  1.25 
.75  to  1.00 
.55  to     .75 

No.  1  B 

No.  1  C 

No.  1  D 

No.  2  Soft 

No.  2  Hard 

No.  3  Soft 

>^  to  ^  in. 

No.  3  Hard 

.  40  to     .  55 

^  to  ^  in. 

No.  4  Soft 

.  30  to      40 

3/^  to  IX  in. 

No.  4  Hard 

.20  to     .30 

\)i  to  2  in. 

No.  5 

.10  to    .20 

Mottled 

No.  6 

.00  to    .10 

White 

Phosphorus 15  to    .220 

Manganese 30  to     .700 

Sulphur Trace  to     .018 


EXCELSIOR. 


Grade. 

A  Scotch 
B  Scotch 
No.  1  Soft 
No.  1  Special 
No.  1 
No.  2  Low 
No.  2  High 
No.  3  Low 
No.  3  High 
No.  4  Low 
No.  4  High 
No.  5 
No.  6 


Silicon. 


Chill  test  of  pig. 


2 .  60  to 
2.10  to 
1.85  to 
1 .  60  to 


.30  to 
00  to 
.90  to 
.75  to 
.  55  to 
.40  to 
.30  to 
.10  to 
.  00  to 


2.90 

2.60 

2.10 

1.85 

1.60 

1.35 

1.15 

1.00 

.70 

.55 

.45 

.25 

.10 


)i  Xo%  in. 

5^  to    1  in. 

1  to  \y-2  in. 

Mottled 

White 


Phosphorus 15  to    .220 

Manganese 30  to    .  700 

Sulphur Trace  to    .018 


Car  Wheel  Iron  graded  by  grain  and  chill.     All  other  irons  by  analysis.     Special  Low  Phosphorus  and  High 

Manganese  Irons  made  on  specifications. 


S.  R.  Church.  4/ 


niCHIGAN    (Continued) 

Spring  Lake  Iron  Company,  The — Friiitport,  Muskegon  County.    Fruitport  Furnace. 

Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  29,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand, 
Spring  Lake." 

No.  1.           No.  2.            No.  3.            No.  4.  No.  5. 

Silicon   1 .  400        1 .  100           .850           .600  .400 

Phosphorus 200           .200           .220           .240  .240 

Sulphur 015           .015           .018           ,020  .020 

Manganese    .600           .600           .500           .460  .420 


(( 


Union  Iron  Company,  Detroit,  Wayne  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  13,500  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  U.  I.  Co.,  Det." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Weston  Furnace  Company,  Manistique,  Schoolcraft  County.  Weston  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  34,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brand, 
"  Champion." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


MINNESOTA 

DuLUTH  Furnace  Company,  West  Duluth,  St.  Louis  County.  West  Duluth  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  and  Pocahontas  coke. 
Ore,  Mesabi. 

Bessemer. 

Silicon   1.500 

Phosphorus .085 

Sulphur .  020 

Manganese    .  600 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


MISSOURI 


McNair  and  DeCamp,  South  St.  Louis.  Missouri  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Counellsville  coke.  Ores,  Iron  Mountain  and  Cherr}'  Valley. 
Brand,  "  Carondelet  Scotch." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 3.000 

Phosphorus .  400 

Sulphur 00.5 

Manganese .  400 


Malleable 

No.  2. 

Bessemer. 

Basic. 

.  .50  to  2  000 

1.00  to  1.50 

1 .  00  and  under 

.400 

.20 

.  20  to  ,  .30 

.005 

.  05  and  under 

.  05  and  under 

.400 

.80  to  1.00 

.30  to  .40 

Sligo  Furnace  Company,  Sligo,  Dent  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  20,000  tons  per 
year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ores,  blue  specular  and  red  oxide.     Brand,  "  Sligo." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


NEW  JERSEY 

Andover  Iron  Company,  Phillipsburg,  Warren  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  magnetic  and  Lake  Superior  red 
hematite.     Brand,  "Andover." 

Silicon 25  to  4 .  000 

Phosphorus 40  to     .  .500 

Sulphur Trace  to     .010 

Manganese 12  to     .200 


5.  R.  Church. 


PRCKhTV  tr 


^^^> 


NEW   JERSEY    (Continued 


"^^''/r^A^nis-^o,^ 


Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Oxford,  Warren  County.  Oxford  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  magnetic.     Brand,  "Oxford." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 2.70 

Phosphorus .72 

Sulphur 02 

Manganese .50 

Combined  Carbon    .22 

Graphitic  Carbon     3  15 


No.  2. 
2.250 

No.  ,3. 
2.00 

Grey 
Forge. 

1    25 

Hasic. 
1  00  and  under, 

.720 

.72 

.72 

Under  1.00 

.025 

.04 

.06 

.05  or  under. 

.500 

.50 

.50 

1 .00  or  under. 

.270 

.30 

.60 

."..OOO 

2 

.75 

2  SI 

MuscoNETCONG  Iron  Works,  The — Stanhope,  Sussex  County.  Musconetcong 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 
Ore,  magnetic  mined  in  Morris  and  Sussex  Counties.     Brand,  "Musconetcong." 

This  Company  makes  Bessemer  Iron  for  their  own  consumption. 


New   Jersey    Zinc  Company,   The — Hudson    County.      Hudson   County    Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  9000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


New  Jersey  Zinc    Company,    The — Newark,    Essex    County.      Newark    Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.     Total  capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Pequest  Furnace,  Oxford,  Warren  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  25,000  tons  per 
year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  New  Jersey  magnetic 
and  foreign.     Brand,  "  Pequest." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


44 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


NEW    JERSEY    (Continued) 

Secaucus  Iron  Company,  Secaucus,  Hudson  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  27,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal.  Ores,  foreign  hematite  and  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  magnetic.     Brand,  "Secaucus."  , 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Wharton  Furnace,  Port  Oram,  Morris  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  50,000  tons 
per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  Hibernia  (New  Jersey)  magnetic  and 
Lake  Superior  hematite.     Brand,  "  Wharton." 


No.  1  X. 


No.  2  X. 


Silicon 

Phosphoru.s 

Sulphur.    

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


2.500  to  2, 

7.50 

2.2.50  to  2 

.750 

.750 

.009 

.015 

,300 

.330 

.330 

.400 

3.8.50 

3.650 

500 


No.  2 
Plain. 

1  .  75  to  2  .  00 

.75 
.02 
.33 

.45 

3.55 


NEW  YORK 

American  Steel  and  Wire  Company  of  New  Jersey,  Crown  Point,  Essex  County. 
Crown  Point  Furnaces.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite 
coal  and  coke.     Ores,  Crown  Point  and  Chateaugay.     Brand,  "Crown  Point." 


No.  1.  No.  2. 

Silicon 3.000  2.70 

Phosphoru-s .875  .... 

Manganese .  600  .... 


No.  3. 
2.00 


No.  4. 
1.60 


No.  5. 
1.00 


S".  R.  Church.  45 


No.  1  X. 

No.  2  X. 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Scotch 

Plain. 

2.500 

2 

.500 

2.50 

2.000 

3.000 

.400 

.400 

.40 

.400 

.450 

.015 

.015 

.03 

.035 

.015 

.600 

500 

.50 

.400 

.600 

160 

.160 

.20 

250 

.150 

3.750 

3 

.600 

3.40 

3  250 

3  500 

NEW  YORK    (Continued) 

Buffalo   Charcoal   Iron   Company,    Buffalo,  Erie  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity, 
55,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Baird." 

No.  1.         No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4.         No.  5.  No.  6. 

Silicon 1.40  1.10           .80  .50  .35  .15 

Phosphorus 15           .15           .15  .15  .15  .15 

Sulphur Trace  Trace  Trace  Trace  Trace  Trace 

Manganese 70           .70           .70  .70  .70  .70 

Combined  Carbon 20           .35           .50  .65  .85 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.75  3.60  3.30  3.00  2.75 


Buffalo    Furnace  Company,  Buffalo,  Erie    County      Buffalo    Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  80,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "Buffalo." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese    

ComlDined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon 

Burden  Iron  Company,  The — Troy,  Rensselaer  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capa- 
city, 50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  magnetic  from  Northern 
New  York ;  hematite  and  carbonate  from  Eastern  New  York,  and  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Cedar  Point  Furnace,  Port  Henry,  Essex  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  36,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  Old  Bed  Lake  Champlain  and  New 
Bed  Bessemer  Lake  Champlain.     Brand,  "  Cedar  Point." 

No.  2  Plain. 

Silicon 1 .  700 

Phosphorus 1 .  590 

Sulphur 023 

Manganese    Trace. 

Combined  Carbon .  250 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  940 


Charlotte  Iron  Works,  Charlotte,  Monroe  County.  Charlotte  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  18,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  local  hematite  with 
a  mixture  of  Lake  Champlain  and  Lake  Superior  magnetic.     Brand,  "  Charlotte." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 3.436 

Phosphorus .872 

Sulphur 024 

Manganese .078 

Combined  Carbon .  062 

Graphitic  Carbon    3 .  424 


^6 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


NEW  YORK   (Continued) 

KiRKLAND  Furnace,  Kirkland,  Oneida  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  18,000  tons 
per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  local  fossiliferous,  Northern  New  York 
hematite,  and  Lake  Champlain  magnetic.     Brand  "  Kirkland." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Graphitic  Carbon. 


No.  1  X. 

3 . 0800 

1 . 2700 

.0274 

.9700 

3.5500 


Phenix  Furnace,  Millerton,  Dutchess  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  5000  tons  per 
year.    Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  Salisbury  from  Salisbury  Mine  at  Ore  Hill.    Brand,  "Phenix." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Poughkeepsie  Iron  Company,  Poughkeepsie,  Dutchess  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  68,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  brown  hematite  and 
magnetic.     Brand,  "  Poughkeepsie." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Salisbury  Carbonate  Iron  Company,  Columbia  County.  Chatham  Furnace  at 
Chatham  and  Copake  Iron  Works.  Stacks,  "2.  Total  capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel, 
charcoal.  Ores,  roasted  carbonate  from  Amenia,  New  York,  and  Kelley,  Amenia,  and 
Shaker  hematites.      Brands,  "  Salisbury  "  and  "Carbonate." 

Analysis  of  this  iron  is  the  same  as  that  made  by  this  company  at  their  furnace  at  Chapinvillc,  Conn.     See  page  25. 


Tonawaxda  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  North  Tonawanda,  Niagara  County. 
Niagara  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  105,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores, 
hematite  and  specular  from  Lake  Superior.     Brands,  "  Niagara  ''  and  "  Tonawanda." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon . 

Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur   

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic   Carbon 


Niagara 


No.  1  X. 

No.  2  X.     No, 

.  2  Plain. 

No.  2  Plain 
Soft. 

Grey  Forge, 

2.50 

2.25 

2.00 

2.75 

1.80 

.45 

.45 

.45 

.45 

.45 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.04 

.06 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.39 

40 

.41 

3.33 

3.18 
Tonawanda 

3.29 

•  ■  •  • 

No.  1. 

No.  2  X. 

No.  2 
Plain. 

Grey 
Forge. 

3.00 

2.750 

2.500 

2.00 

.70 

.700 

.700 

.70 

.03 

.040 

.045 

.06 

.75 

.760 

.750 

.75 

33 

.280 

3.13 

3.085 

•  •   •  • 

S.  R.  Church. 


47 


NEW    YORK   (Continued) 


TONAWANDA  IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY. 


NO.  3  NIAGARA  (AMERICAN  BARROW) 


48 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


NEW   YORK    (Continued) 


TONA WANDA  IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY. 


GREY  FORGE  NIAGARA 


5".  R.  Church. 


49 


NEW    YORK    (Continued) 


TONA WANDA  IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY 


No.  1  X  TONAWANDA  SCOTCH. 


50 


Analyses  of  Pig  Ii^on 


NEW   YORK    (Continued) 


TONAWANDA  IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY, 


No.  1  X  NIAGARA  PIG  IRON. 


a;    R.   Church. 


NEW   YORK   (Continued) 


TONAWANDA  IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY. 


5^ 


No.  2  X  NIAGARA  PIC,  IRON. 


52 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


NEW   YORK    (Continued) 

Troy  Steel  Company,  The— Breaker  Island,  Albany  County.       Stacks,  3.     Total 

capacity  100,000    tons   per   year.      Fuel,  anthracite  coal    and  coke.     Ore,  magnetic  from 
Essex  and  Columbia  Counties. 

Basic  Bessemer. 

Silicon    .50 

Phosphorus 2 .  25 

Sulphur .03 

Manganese 1 .  50 


Union  Iron  Works,  Buffalo,  Erie  County.   Stacks,  1.    Capacity,  01,250  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  Walston  or  Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.      Brand,  "  Union." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 2.400 

Phosphorus .  400 

Sulphur 013 

Manganese .  390 

Combined  Carbon .430 

Graphitic  Carbon 3. 850 


Mo.  2  X. 

No.  3. 

Forge. 

Malleable. 

Bessemer. 

Scotch. 

No.  2 
Plain. 

2.310 

2.060 

1.07 

1.200 

1.45 

3.280 

2 .  250 

.410 

.390 

.70 

.156 

.09 

.410 

.390 

.015 

.020 

03 

.030 

.02 

.008 

.017 

.380 

.380 

.35 

.600 

.80 

.380 

.390 

.490 

.580 

.... 

.720 

.400 

.5.50 

3.510 

3.180 

3  820 

•  .   .  . 

3.990 

3.360 

NORTH    CAROLINA 

Cranberry  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Cranberry,  Mitchell  County.  Cranberry 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  5200  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  magnetic.  Brand, 
"  Cranberry." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Greensboro,  Guilford  County.  Cherokee. 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  35,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pocahontas  coke.  Ores,  local 
magnetic  and  limonite.     Brand,  "  Greensboro."     ("Cherokee"). 

No.  2  X. 

Silicon 2 .  630 

Phosphorus .  384 

Sulphur 062 


OHIO 


S.   R.  C/iurc/i.((^^^     PPrr;  f.|Y   .   r     -^'^         53 


fl'.'cm  •( 


American  Steei,  and  Wire  Company  of  New  Jersey^ THeveland,  Cuyahoga 
County.  Emma  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  80,00U  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connells- 
ville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Emma." 


Could  not  obtain  analvsis  of  this  iron. 


American  Steel  and  Wire  Company  of  New  Jersey,  Cleveland,  Cuyahoga 
County.  Central  and  Newburgh  Furnaces.  Stacks,  ."1  Capacity,  230,0U0  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Andrews  and  Hitchcock  Iron  Company,  The — Hubbard,  Trumbull  County.  Hub- 
bard Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  150,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville 
coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Hubbard  Scotch." 

No.  1.  No.  2. 

Silicon 2 .  «(X)  2 . 2.50 

Phosphorus .620  .«2() 

vSiilphur 019  .022 

Manganese    .660  .6.50 

Combined  Carbon    .  loO  .170 

Graphitic  Carbon    3 . 1(X)  :! .  070 


Belfont  Iron  Works  Comp.\ny,  Ironton,  Lawrence  County.  Belfont  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  oO,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior  and  native. 
Brand,  "  Belfont." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese    

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon 


Brier  Hill  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Youngstown,  Mahoning  County.  Grace 
Furnace  No.  2.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Brier  Hill." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 1  . 2.50 

Phosphorus .09-3 

Sulphur   .022 

Manganese .  750 

Combined  Carbon 800 

Graphitic  Carbon ?>.  650 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Foundrj'. 

Foundry. 

Foundry 

2. 500 

2  .  2.50 

1.95 

.4.50 

.480 

.49 

.025 

.018 

.08 

.650 

.750 

.76 

.160 

.4.50 

.45 

:! .  4.50 

8,150 

8.10 

5^  Analyses  of  Piq   Iron 


OHIO   (Continued) 

Brown-Bonneli.  Iron  Company,  The — Youngstown,  Mahoning  County.  Phoenix 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore, 
Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Phoenix." 

Coul<l  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Campbell  Iron  Company,  The — Campbell,  Lawrence  County.  Mount  Vernon  Furnace. 

Stack.';,  1.     Capacity,  ooOO  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  native  hematite.     Brand, 
"  Mt.  Vernon." 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No  8  No.  -1. 

or  Cylinder. 

Silicon 2. .590  2. .')(>;  1.563  1.750 

Phosphorus .614  .  ('.S4  .  (170  .  684 

Sulphur .  005  .  (M).')  .087  .  085 

Manganese .775  .803  .726  .581 

Combined  Carbon .060  .040  .  160  .070 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  700  3 .  6K0  3 .  550  3 .  620 


Centre  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  Ironton,  Lawrence  County.  Centre 
Furnace.     Stacks,  L     Capacity,  4r)()0  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  native  limestone. 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Cherry  Valley  Iron  Work.s,  Leetonia,  Columbiana  County.  Cherry  Valley  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  60,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior 
and   native  mixed.      Brand,  "  Cherry  Valley." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Clare  Iron  Company,  Bloom   Switch,   Scioto  County.     Bloom   Furnace.     Stacks,]. 
Capacity,  2700  tons  per  year.      Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  hematite.     Brand,  "  Bloom." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


.9.  R.  Church.  S5 


OHIO   (Continued) 

CoRRiGAN,  McKiNNKv  AND  COMPANY,  Cleveland,  Cuyahoga  County.  River  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  72,0()0  ions  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brands,  "River,"  "Douglas"  and  "Lincoln." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


GiRARD  Iron  Company,  Girard,  Trumbull  County.  Mattie  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Counellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brand, 
"  Girard." 


Bessemer.  Mill. 


Silicon ]  . 2.-1O  to  1  ,  7.^0  1000  to  2. 000 

Phosphorus O.SX  to      UX)  '.500  to     .7.")0 

Sulphur 015  to     .040  .02.5  to     .060 

Manganese SOO  to     .  SOO  .  400  to     .800 


Globe    Iron    Company,  Jackson,  Jackson    County.      Fulton    Furnace.      Stacks,   I. 

Capacity,  ToUO  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coal  and  coke.  Ore,  native.     Brand,  "Globe." 

High  Silicon. 

Silicon 10.440 

Phosphorus .  660 

Sulphur   Trace 

Manganese    .630 


Hkcla  Iron  and  Mining  Company,  near  Ironton,  Lawrence  County.  Hecla  Furnace. 
Stacks,  L  Capacity,  9000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  and  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior 
and  Hanging  Rock  limestone.     Brand,  "Hecla." 

No.  2.  No.  .3.  No.  4. 

Silicon 610  .51  .,58 

Manganese :-589  .38  .82 

Combined  Carbon 460  .43  49 

Graphitic   Carbon 3.890  3.61  3.42 


ji^  Ajialyses  of  Pig  Iron 


OHIO   (Continued) 

Jefferson   Iron    Company,  Oak  Hill,  Jackson  County-     Stacks,  1.     Capacitj^,  5000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  native.     Brand  "Anchor." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Lawrence  Furnace  Company,  Culbertson,  Lawrence  County.  Lawrence  Furnace. 
Stacks,  L  Capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  native  and  Bath 
County,  Ky.     Brands,  "Lawrence  "  and  "  Pencost." 

X.  XX. 

Silicon 8.030  12  00 

Phosphorus 128  .12 

Sulphur O.SO  Trace 

Manganese A'li)  .40 

Combined  Carbon    .  240  .  22 

Graphitic  Carbon 4 .  000  5.10 


Lorain  Steel  Company,  The — Lorain,  Lorain  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity, 
;55(),00O  tons  per  3'ear.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior  and  Mesabi. 
Brand,  "  Lorain." 

This  company  makes  but  one  grade,  Standard  Bessemer  Pig  Iron,  and  that  onlj-  for  their  own  consumption. 


Marting  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  The — Ironton,  Lawrence  County.  Alice  and 
Blanche  Fufnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pocahontas 
coke.     Ores,  Hanging  Rock,  Lake  Superior,  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 

Standard  Bessemer. 

Silicon 2.220 

Pho.sphorus .  089 

Sulphur 008 


McGuGiN  AND  Company,  Olive  Furnace  P.  O.,  Lawrence  County.  Olive  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  6000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  native  limestone.  Brand, 
"  Olive." 

No.  2. 

Silicon...    3.170 

Phosphorus .  668 

Sulphur .080 

Manganese .  980 

Combined  Carbon .  290 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  280 


S.  R.  Church.  57 


OHIO   (Continued) 

Mkans,  Kylk  and  Compaxv,  Hanging  Rock,  Lawrence  County.  Hamilton  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pocahontas  coke.  Ores,  native  and  Lake 
Superior.     Brand,  "  Hamilton." 


No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  X 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur   

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon  . 
Graphitic  Carbon  . 


2.800 

2 .  250 

1  .  750 

,  450 

.450 

.450 

.015 

.030 

.050 

.fiOO 

.600 

.600 

.200  to  .400 

.200 

to 

.400 

.200  to 

400 

3. .500  to  3.800 

3.500 

to  ; 

5.800 

3.500  to 

3 .  800 

National  Steel  Companv,  Columbus  Works,  Columbus,  Franklin  County.     Stacks,  2. 
Total  capacity,  210,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,   coke.    Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


National  Steel  Company,  Aetna-Standard  Works,  Mingo  Junction,  Jefferson  County. 
Mingo  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  165,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Conuellsville 
coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Bessemer 

Silicon 1.000  to  2. .50 

Phosphorus .080  to     .10 

Sulphur .015  and  up. 

Manganese   .  500  and  up. 


National    Stkkl    Company,    Zanesville    Works,    Zanesville,    Muskingum    County. 
Stacks,  1.    Capacity,  (55,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.    Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

standard  Bessemer. 

Silicon    1 .  25  to  2  00 

Phosphorus .10  and  below. 

Sulphur .05  and  below. 


National  Steel  Company,  The — Niles  Works,  Niles,  Trumbull  County.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


^8  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


OHIO  (Continued) 

National  Steel  Company,  Bellaire  Works,  Bellaire,  Belmont  County.  Bellaire 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  160,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Bessemer. 

Silicon    1  00  to  2.00 

Phosphorus under       .  10 

Sulphur under         0.") 

Manganese    .  .50  to     .7;) 

National  Stkkl  Comp.\ny,  Steubenville  Works,  Steubenville,  Jefferson  County. 
Jefferson  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  <SO,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Make  only  liesseiner  Pig  Iron  for  their  own  consumption. 

National  Titbk  Company,  Steubenville,  Jefferson  County.  Steubenville  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  75,000  tons  per  A-ear.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,  "  Riverside." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Ohio  Iron  and  Stkel  Company,  Thf; — Lowellville,  Mahoning  County.  Mary  Fur- 
nace.    Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  Lake 

Superior.     Brand,  "  Mary  Ohio  Scotch." 

No.  \. 

vSilicon    8.1.")0 

Phosphorus .42.5 

Sulphur 018 

Manganese 1  .  200 

Combined  Carbon .  2.50 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 . 5)70 


Ohio  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  The — (leased  to  Miller,  Wagouer  and 
Fieser  Company),  Shawnee,  Perry  County.  New  York  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coal  and  coke.     Ores,  native  and  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Penn  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  The — Canal  Dover,  Tuscarawas  County.  Dover 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  native  and 
Lake  Superior.     Brands,  "Tuscarawas"  and  "Dover." 

standard  Bessemer. 

Silicon    1.00  to  2. .500 

Phosphorus below       .  100 

Sulphur below       .0.50 

Manganese below       .  500 


OHIO   (Continued) 

Reitbuc  Iron  and  Stkhl  Company,  Youngstown,  Mahoning  County.  Hannah 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  6r),00()  ton.s  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore, 
Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Republic  Iron  .\nd  Steel  Company,  Youngstown,  Mahoning  County.  Haselton 
Furnace.     Stacks,!.     Capacity,  1'2(),()()()  tous  per  year.      Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


S-\LEM  Iron  Comp.\ny,  The — Leetonia,  Columbiana  Count}'.  Seneca  Furnace. 
Stacks,  L  Capacit}-,  UO,UO()  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brands,  "  Seneca  "  and  "  Grafton." 

Seneca.  Grafton. 

Silicon   1.00to2.00  2.00to3.00 

Phosphorus .09  to     .18  .40  to     .80 

Sulphur   .02  to     .06  .01  to     .06 

Manganese .50  lo     .80  .60  to      90 

Sarah  Furnace,  Irouton.  Lawrence  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per 
year.     Fuel,  West  Virginia  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "Sarah." 

Bessemer. 

Silicon 3.")0  to  4  000 

Phosphorus .080 

Sulphur .008 

Manganese 400 

Graphitic  Carbon 4  ()00 

Star  Furnace  Company,  Jackson,  Jackson  County.  Star  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  18,(X)0  tons   per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  native     Brand,  "  Star." 

Foundry.  Bessemer  Ferro-Silicon. 

Silicon    8.000  to  12  000  10  000  to  16  ()00 

Phosphorus 450  to    1 .600  025  to       .100 

Sulphur .010  to       .025  .010  to        050 

Manganese .800  to    1.000  .1.50  to       .2.50 

Total  Carbon    2 .  200  to    2  300  1 .  .500  to    2  800 


Struthers  Furnace  Company,  The— Struihers,  Mahoning  County.     Anna  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacit)-,  90,(J00  tous  per  year.     Fuel,  cuke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 


Bessemer.        Basic. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur   

Manganese 
Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. 


1.300 

.800 

095 

.4.50 

.025 

.030 

.500 

.600 

650 

.750 

3  100 

3  060 

6o 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


OHIO   (Continued) 

Vesuvius  Iron  Company,  Pedro,  Lawrence  County.  Vesuvius  Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 

Capacity,  3000  tons  per  year.      Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ore,  native  limestone.      Brand, 
"  Vesuvius." 

No.  1.  No.  2. 

Silicon ■ .75  .70 

Pho.sphorus .26  36 

vSulphur     .02  ,02 

Manganese    .49  .39 

Combined  Carbon .95  .57 

Graphitic  Carbon 3,13  3.08 


Wellston    Iron    .\nd    Steel    Company,    Wellstou,   Jackson    County. 
Furnaces,  2;    Milton  Furnace,  1;  Madison  Furnace,  1.     Total  stacks,  4.     Total 
()5,00()  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  local  and  Lake  Superior. 


Silicon . 


Pho.sphorus. 


Sulphur . 


Manganese  , 


Total  Carbon. 


Graphitic  Carbon. 


No.  4  to  No. 
Car  Wheel. 

.50 

to 

.80 

.12 
to 

.13 

.09 

to 

.03 

.90 
to 

1.25 

3.00 

to 

3.25 

2.(X) 

to 

2.25 


Neutral 
Car  Wheel. 

1  .  50 

to 

2.50 

.50 
to 
.60 

.05 

to 

.01 

.40 
to 
.50 

2 .  75 
to 

3 .  25 

2.30 

to 
2.75 


Strong,  Soft 
Foundrj-. 

1.000 

to 
3.000 

.200 

to 

.400 

.050 

to 

.009 

.600 
to 
900 

3.000 

to 
3 .  250 

2.700 

to 
2.900 


Malleable.        Ohio  Scotch. 


.750 

to 

2.500 

.130 
to 
140 

.050 

to 

,009 

.600 

to 

1 .  250 

3,000 
to 
3 .  250 

2,300 

to 
2,600 


2 .  50 

to 

4 .  50 

.60 
to 

.iK) 

.05 
to 
03 

.30 

to 

.50 

2 .  75 
to 

3 .  00 

2.40 
to 


Wellston 
capacity, 

Wellston. 

6.000 
to 

12.000 

.600 

to 

,900 

.040 

to 

.003 

.300 

to 

,500 

2,500 

to 
2,750 

2.200 

to 
2,500 


Wheeling  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Martin's  Ferry,  Belmont  County.  Martin's 
Ferry  Furnace.  Stacks,  L  Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Standard  Bessemer. 

Silicon 1,50  to  2, 50 

Pho.sphorus ...  Not  to  exceed     .  10 

vSulphur   "  "  .05     ■ 


YouNGSTOWN  Stekl  COMPANY,  The — Youngstown,  Mahoning  County.     Tod  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  80,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Washed  Metal. 

Silicon    none 

Phosphorus .010 

vSulphur 015 

Manganese none 

Combined  Carbon 3 .  500 

Graphitic  Carbon none 


3".  R.  Church.  6r 


OREGON 

Oregon  Iron  and  Stkki-  Company,  Oswego,  Clackamas  County.  Oswego  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  15,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  brown  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Oregon." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Low 

Foundry. 

Phosphorus. 

2  .  hi) 

1  ,  750 

1.00 

.02.') 

.04 

.014 

.87 

.  560 

.17 

.oso 

;5.45 

••! .  (JOO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

AllENTOWN  Iron  Works,  Allentown,  Lehigh  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity, 
60,000  tons  per  j^ear.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  magnetic.  Lake  Superior  and 
local  hematite.     Brand,  "  Allentown." 


vSilicon 

Phosphorus    

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon.  . 


American  Steel  Hoop  Company,  formerly  operated  by  The  Isabella  Furnace  Com- 
pany, Inc.  Etna.  Isabella  Furnaces.  Stacks,  '.\.  Total  capacity,  21o,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Isabella." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon    1   ,50  to  4.00 

Phosphorus .  40  to     .70 

Sulphur. .08  to     .05 

Manganese .  70  to  1   ()0 


American  Steel  and  Wire  Company  ok  New  Jer.sey,  Allegheny  Works,  Alle- 
gheny City.  Edith  Furnace.  Stacks,!.  Capacity,  75,000  tons  per  j^ear.  Fuel,  Connells- 
ville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Edith." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


American  Steel  and  Wire  Company  of  New  Jer.sey,  Pittsburgh.  Shoenberger 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  130,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Su- 
perior. 

Conld  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


62  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 

American  Steel  Hoop  Company,  West  Middlesex,  Mercer  County.  Fannie  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  3(),00()  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,  "  Wheeler." 

CouUl  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Atlantic  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Newcastle,  Lawrence  County.  Atlantic  Fur- 
naces. Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  72,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,  "  Etna." 

Bessemer. 

Silicon 1.00  to  2.50 

Phosphorus .10  and  under 

Sulphur.      .0")  and  under 


Bellefonte  Furnace  Company,  Bellefonte,  Centre  County.  Bellefonte  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  native  hematite.  Brand, 
"  Bellefonte." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 1.50  to  4.00 

Pho.sphorus .  40  to     .70 

Sulphur   below     .04 

Mangane.se .40  to     .(iO 

Combined  Carbon    .25  to     .  (i5 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  .50  to  8 .  25 


Berlin  Iron  Work.s,  Gleniron,  Union  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  2500  tons  per 
year.     Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).     Ores,  hematite  and  fossil. 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 690 

Phosphorus .  236 

Sulphur 033 

Mangane.se    .  2!)4 

Combined  Carbon    .  926 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  741 


Bethlehem  Steel  Company,  South  Bethlehem,  Northampton     County.     Stacks,  5. 

Total  capacity,  225,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke      Ores,  local  and 
foreign  hematite  and  magnetic. 

Low  Phosphorus  Bessemer.         Ordinary  Bessemer.  Basic. 

Silicon .  750  to  2 .  OCX)                 1  .  000  to  2 .  000  .  500  to  1 .  500 

Phosphorus 025  to     .040                   .  065  to     .  075  .  750  to      900 

Sulphur 010  to     .040                   .030.to     .080  .020  to     .050 


.V.    R.    Church.  V^^  C  -/    (>3 


CfihTV  II-  'r\ 


"!  r,-?/,:  f.,c,•r;.^MO'^'^'^- 


PENNSYLVANIA    ^Continued) 


BoiuxG  Sprixgs  Iron  Company,  Boiling  Springs,  Cumberland  County.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  :>0()()  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ore,  foreign  as  a  basis.  Brand, 
"  Boiling  Springs." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iruu. 


BoNBRAKE,  BuRKHART  AXD  COMPANY,  Chambersburg,  Franklin  County.  Falling 
Spring  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  oOOO  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  local 
hematite.     Brand,  "  Falling  Spring." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Brooke  Iron  Company,  E.  &  G. — Birdsboro,  Berks  County.  Keystone  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  (53,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores, 
magnetic  and  hematite.     Brand,  "  Brooke." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Cambria  Steel  Company,  Johnstown,  Cambria  County.  Stacks,  ('>.  Total  capacity, 
480,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  Menominee  and  Mesabi  hematite 
and  native  and  foreign  nianganiferous. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Carbon  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Parry ville,  Carbon  County.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  ^SjOOO  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  hematite,  magnetic, 
Lake  Superior  and  foreign.     Brands,  "Carbon,"  "  Parry  "  and  "  Viking." 

.\verage  analysis. 
Nos.  1  X  and  2  X. 

Silicon 1.800  to  8. 500 

Phosphorus .  800  to  1 .000 

vSulphur .01.5  to     .040 

Manganese    .8-50  to      700 

Combined  Carbon .  '250  to     .  7.50 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  750  to  4 .000 


d-/  Analyses  of  Pis;  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

Carnegie  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Allegheny  County.  Stacks,  17.  Total 
capacity,  2,200,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  Pennsylvania,  Lake 
Superior  and  foreign. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus.. 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon. 


} 


Average 

analysis. 

Hessemer. 

Mill. 

1.250 

.50 

.085 

.30 

.025 

.04 

.600 

1.25 

4.200  4.00 

Graphitic  Carbon. 


Analysis  of  iron  made  by  Carrie  Furnaces,  included  in  the  17  stacks  above  mentioned. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon  .... 


Special 
iessetner. 

Bessemer. 

Foundry. 

Basic 
Open  Hearth. 

1.300 

1.250 

1.750 

.500 

.028 

.090 

.600 

.520 

.020 

.080 

.035 

.040 

.500 

.500 

.600 

1.200 

.750 
3.000 

Chestnut  Grove  Furnace,  Idaville,  Adams  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  1500 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ores,  local  magnetite  and  hematite.  Brand, 
"Chestnut  Grove  C  B." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Chickies  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Chickies,  Lancaster  County.  Chickies  Fur- 
naces. Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  33,500  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 
Ore,  magnetic  from  Cornwall,  Lebanon  County.     Brand,  "Chickies." 


Bessemer. 


Silicon 1.000  to  2.000 

Phosphorus .045  to     .055 

Sulphur 010  to     .030 

Manganese   .  150  to      250 


^.  R.   Church.  6^ 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 

Clairk  Furnace   Company,    Ltd.,   Sharpsville,  Mercer   County.      Claire   Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  H0,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon    1 .  250 

Phosphorus .093 

vSulphur 020 

Manganese   ...      .  7(X) 

Combined  Carbon    .  710 

Graphitic  Carbon    8  390 


Clinton  Iron  and  Steel   Company,  Pittsburgh.      Clinton    Furnace.      Stacks,    1. 

Capacity,  03,500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brands,  "Hector"  and 
"  Clinton." 

A  X.  A.                                     B. 

Silicon    2.7.50  2.250  to  2.500         1.800  to  2.250 

Phosphorus .750  .600                           .600 

Sulphur 005  .010  to     .020           .020  to     .035 

Manganese   .500  .600                           .600 

Combined  Carbon 100  .200           .250  to     .400 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.500  3.250         3.000  to  3.250 


CoRRiGAN,  McKinney  AND  COMPANY,  lessees.  Scottdale,  Westmoreland  County. 
Charlotte  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  70,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "Charlotte." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Mangane.se 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. 


No.   1 
Foundry. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

No.  .3 
p-oundry. 

drey  Forge 

1.750 

1.600 

1.350 

1.2.50 

.678 

.650 

.612 

.776 

.018 

.025 

035 

.050 

.600 

.680 

.780 

.8.30 

.360 

.400 

.440 

.460 

3.580 

3.410 

3.310 

3.170 

CoRRiGAN,  McKinney  and  Company,  lessees,  Sharpsville,  Mercer  County.  Doug- 
las Furnaces.  Stacks,  '1.  Total  capacity,  4o,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Douglas." 


Average  analysi.s. 

Silicon 

.     ..                  1.2.50 

Phosphorus. ,  . 

.095 

Sulphur 

.025 

Manganese   

.800 

66  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 

PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

Colonial  Iron  Company  (successors  to  Kemble  Iron  Company),  Riddlesburg,  Bed- 
ford County.  Kemble  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel, 
coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior  hematite.     Brand,  "  Kemble." 

Average  .'iimlysis. 

vSilicoii 1  ,000  to  .•^. 00 

Phosphorus .650 

.Sulphur .02.T 

Combined  Carbon....  .180 

Graphitic  Carbon ;5 .  500 

CoLERAiNH  Iron  Works,  Redington,  Northampton  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capa- 
city, 40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal.  Ores,  hematite  and  magnetic.  Brand, 
"Coleraine." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Dunbar  Furnace  Company,  Dunbar,  Fayette  County.  Dunbar  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2. 
Total  capacity,  100,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  native,  Lake  Superior  Bessemer, 
and  specular.     Brand,  "  Dunbar." 

No.  1  No.  2  Grey 

Foundry.  Foundry.  Forge.  Basic. 

Silicon -2 .  000  to  2 .  500  1 .  500  to  2 .  000  .  750  to  1  500  .  200  to  1 .  000 

Phosphorus 200  to     .400  .  200  to     .  400  .  200  to     .  400  .  200  to     .  450 

Sulphur 005  to     .080  .  010  to     .  035  .  025  to     .  050  .  020  to     .  050 

Manganese :!00  to     ,  (i50  .  ;'.00  to     .  050  .  300  to     .  (ioO  .  300  to     .  650 

Combined  Carbon 150  to     .  320  .  250  to     .  4-50  .  400  to     .  800  .  600  to  1 .  250 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  500  to  4 .  000  3 .  250  to  3 .  750  2 .  250  to  3 .  000  1 .  750  to  2 . 5(K) 

Durham  Iron  Works,  Riegelsville,  Bucks  County.  Dtirhara  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  38,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  hematite,  magnetic 
and  foreign.     Brand,  "Durham." 

Foundry.  Mill. 

Silicon 1.50  to  3.00         ..50  to  1.. 50  • 

Phosphorus .  50  to     .  70         .  50  to     .  70 

Sulphur 01  to     .03         .01  to     .06 

Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Catasaqua,  Lehigh  County.  Crane  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  4.  Total  capacity,  135,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores, 
Lake  Superior,  Port  Henry  and  Chataguay.     Brands,  "Crane"  and  "Crane  L.  P." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese   

Combined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  550         3 .  400         3 .  000         3 .100         3 .  600 


No.  IX. 

No.  2X. 

No.  2 

Crane 

Plain. 

Scotch. 

liessenier. 

2.722 

2 .  386 

2.100 

3.500 

1.450 

.793 

.  790 

.800 

.900 

.019 

.015 

.021 

.035 

.015 

.015 

.360 

.380 

.380 

.400 

.  135 

.150 

.200 

.280 

.100 

.600 

6".    R.    C/turr/i. 


^7 


PENNSYLVANIA      (Continued) 


EMPIRE   STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


NO.    1  X   CRANK. 


NO.   2  X  CRANE. 


68 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


EMPIRE   STEEL   AND   IRON    COMPANY. 


LEHIGH   CANAL   AND   GENERAL   VIEW   OF    CRANE    IRON   WORKS. 


^i^tT- 


69 


PENNSYLVANIA  (Continued) 


? 


't-' 


OLD  CHARCOAL   FURNACE,    1742   (OXFORD   VIEW). 
(Kor  view  o!  up-to-<Iate  furnace  see  page  H<i.) 


70 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 


EMPIRE   vSTEEL   AND   IRON   COMPANY 


CRANE   IRON    WORKS,   SHOWING    UN1.0AU1NG    Oi'    ORE. 


S.  R.   CInirch. 


7^ 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 

Empirk  Stkkl  and  Iron  Company,  Reading,  Berks  County.  Henry  Clay  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  36,UO0  tons  per"  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ore, 
very  rich  fossil.     Brand,  "  Henry  Clay." 

Average  of  Different  Grades. 

Silicon 2.25  to  4.50 

Phosphorus 2 .  50  to  4 .00 

Sulphur 02  to     .0«i 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon .  10  to     .20 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  50  to  3 .  00 


CARBONIZED    HENRY   CLAY. 


72 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 


KMPIRK   STEKL    AND    IRON    COMPANY, 


m 


HENRY  CLAY   FURNACES,  READING,   PA. 
(General  View.) 


5.  R.  Church.    ([|_   PBCFIRTV  Ci 


73 


PENNSYLVANIA  (ContinuedT" 


•^/l.l 


'''?/!"ris'  0, '*''^' 


\t^ 


VsV 


Empire  Stkel  and  Iron  Company,  Macungie,  Lehigh  County.  Macungie  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  20,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  Connellsville  coke. 
Ore,  native  hematite.     Brand,  "  Macungie." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. 


No.  1. 

3.00 
.90 
.01 

.55 

No.  2. 

2.75 
.90 
.02 
.55 
.19 

3.21 

No.  .S. 

2.25 
.90 
.04 
.55 
.30 

2.97 

Grey 
Forge. 

1  . 2.50 
.900 
.056 
.5.50 
.480 

2.840 

Standard 
Bessemer. 

1.00  to  2.00 
.  10  or  under. 
.  05  or  under. 

.14 

3.50 

Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Topton,  Berks  County.  Topton  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ore,  Lake 
Superior.     Brand,  "  Topton." 

No.  2  X. 


No.  1  X. 

Silicon 3.000 

Phosphorus 1.000 

Sulphur .030 

Manganese .  290 

Combined  Carbon    .300 

Graphitic  Carbon    3 .  350 


2.800 

1.000 

.033 

.300 


No.  2 
Plain. 

2.300 

1   0.50 

.040 


Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Bellefonte,  Centre  County.  Valentine  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior 
and  native  brown.     Brand,  "  Nittany." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 3 . 2.50 

Phosphorus .  500 

Sulphur .007 

Manganese .  420 

Combined  Carbon   .150 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.460 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

Grey 

Forge. 

2.7.50 

2.250 

1.500 

.500 

.500 

.500 

.015 

.025 

.060 

.420 

.420 

.420 

.180 

.350 

..580 

3.320 

2.910 

2.750 

7^ 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA  (Continued) 


I'MI'IRI':    STiCEIv   AND    IRON    COMPANY. 


No.  1  X   NITTANY. 


S.  .R  Church. 


75 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


IvMPIRK   STKKL    AND    IRON    COMPANY 


VALENTIXK   FURNACl';,  HKLLKl'DNTIv,    1>A. 
Loading  Famous  Nittaiiy  Iron. 


16 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


EMPIRK   STEEI.   AND    IRON    COMPANY. 


NITTANY  FURNACE,  BELLEFONTE,  PA. 


5,  R.  churc.  ((^    PRCFLRTV  ci-'^a>    "" 

PENNSYLVANIA  iConi^nt.,,^,  ^^  .^^^ 


Emporium  Furnace  Company,  Emporium,  Cameron  County.     Emporium    Furnace. 

Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,   coke.     Ores,   Old  Sterling  and   Lake 
Superior.     Brand,  "  Emporium." 

No.  1            No.  2  No.  2            No.  3             Grey  vScotch.  Silvery. 

X.                 X.  Plain.         Foundry.        Forge. 

Silicon 3.000         2.750  2.500         2.250         1.400  4.000  5. .500 

Phosphorus .900           .900  .900           .900           .900  .900  .900 

Sulphur.... .030           .040  .0.50           .060           .080  .040  040 

Manganese   .700           .700  700           .700           .700  .  700  700 

Combined  Carbon .220           .300  .600           .750           .900  .1.50  .200 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  750         3 .  600  3 . 2.50         3 .  000         2  750  3 .  500  3 .  400 


Everett  Furnace,  Everett,  Bedford  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  65,000  tons  per 
year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Juniata  fossil  and  hematite  and  Lake  Superior  hematite.  Brands, 
"Everett  Scotch,"  "  Everett  Strong  Foundry,"  "Everett  Mill,"  "Everett  Basic,"  and 
"  Everett  Bessemer." 

Foundry 
Average  analysis. 

Silicon    1.500  to  4. .500 

Phosphorus .300  to     .700 

Sulphur 010  to     .045 

Manganese .  200  to     .  700 

Combined  Carbon 200  to      600 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  000  to  3 .  750 


Heckscher  AND  Sons  Company,  R. — Swedeland,  Montgomery  County.  Swede  Fur- 
naces. Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  90,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 
Ores,  Lake  Superior  specular,  New  Jersey  magnetic  and  foreign.     Brand,  "  Swede." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Jefferson  Furnace,  Jefferson  Station,  Schuylkill  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
2300  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ore,  hematite  from  Berks  and  Lehigh 
Counties. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Jones    and    Laughlin,    Ltd.,    Pittsburgh.       Eliza    Furnaces.      Stacks,    4.       Total 
capacity,  350,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "Eliza." 

Bessemer. 

Silicon    1 .  100 

Phosphorus 088 

Sulphur 020  to  .0.35 

Manganese .  400 


yS  Analyses  of  Pi(>   Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

JoAXXA  FuRXACE,  Berks  County.     Stacks,    1.     Capacity,  1500    tons  per  year.     Fuel, 
charcoal.     Ores,  local  magnetite  and  hematite.     Brand,  "Joanna." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus    . 

Sulphur 

Manganese .  . 
Total  Carbon . 


No.  1. 

No.  1>. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

7")  to  2.00 

1 

.00  to  1.75 

.75 

.50 

.50 

.50 

.50 

.50 

.03 

.03 

.08 

05 

m 



4.10 

•  •  ■  • 

Juniata  Furnace  and  Foundry  Company,  Newport,  Perry  County.  Juniata  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  18,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores, 
silicious,  native,  fossil  and  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Marshall." 

Foundry  High  Silicon. 

Silicon    3.250 

Phosphorus .  700 

Sulphur 045 

Manganese    .  500 

Combined  Carbon .100 

Graphitic  Carbon    3  1 50 

Kittaxxing  Irox  axd  Steel  Manufacturing  Company,  Kittanning,  Armstrong 
County.  Rebecca  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  .10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connells- 
ville  coke.     Ores,  native  and  Lake  Superior.     Brands,  "  Kittanning  "  and  "  Rebecca." 


Silicon 


Phosphorus. 
Sulphur. . .  . 
Manganese . 


Combined  Carbon . 


Graphitic  Carbon . 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Open 

Close 

White 

oundry. 

Foundry. 

Foundry. 

I-"orge. 

Forge. 

Mottled. 

vSilvery. 

Iron. 

2.25 

2.00 

1.75 

1.50 

1.25 

.75 

3.00 

.30 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

3.25 

3.00 

2.50 

2.25 

2.00 

1.25 

4.50 

1.00 

.25 

.25 

.30 

.30 

.30 

..30 

.30 

.30 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

.75 

.75 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.60 

.85 

.01 

.01 

.02 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.01 

.08 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.06 

.08 

10 

.03 

.20 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.30 

.30 

.40 

.30 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

l.(X) 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

.1)0 

.90 

1.00 

.70 

.20 

.40 

.50 

.75 

1.00 

1.50 

.10 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

High 

.80 

1.00 

1.00 

1.25 

1.50 

2.00 

.60 

3.00 

2.75 

2.50 

2.30 

2.00 

1.50 

3.00 

Very- 
Low 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

3.60 

3 .  30 

3.00 

2.80 

2.60 

2.00 

4.00 

Lack.\waxx.\  Iron  and  Steel  Comp.a.xy,  Scranton,  Lackawanna  County.  Lacka- 
wanna Furnaces.  Stacks,  9.  Total  capacity,  450,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal 
and  coke.  Ores,  Cornwall  magnetic  from  Lake  Champlain  and  Putnam  County,  N.  Y., 
and  some  Lake  Superior.     Brand,  "  Lackawanna." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


5".  R.  Church.  79 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 

Lebanon  Valley  Furxace  (J.  and  R.  Aleily),  Lebanon,  Lebanon  County.  Stacks,  \. 
Capacity,  20,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ore,  principally  Corn- 
wall.    Brand,  "  Lebanon  Valley." 

Fouiiilry. 

Silicon    4 ,  740 

Phosphorus .  384 

Sulphur .029 

\ 

Lebanon  Furnaces,  Lebanon,  Lebanon  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  80,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.     Ore,  Cornwall. 

Silicon 1.50  to  .S. 50 

Phosphorus .  03  to     .06 

Sulphur .02  to     .08 

Manganese    .20 

Combined  Carbon .  20  to  1  .  00 

Graphitic  Carbon 1 .  25  to  :? .  25 

Leesport  Iron  Company,  Leesport,  Berks  County.  Leesport  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  18,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal.  Ores,  local  hematite  and  magnetic. 
Brand,  "  Leesport." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Lehigh  Zinc  and  Iron  Company,  South  Bethlehem,  Northampton  County.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  5400  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.     Brand,  "  Lehigh." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Lehigh  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Allen  town,  Lehigh  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  .")7,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  Lehigh  County  and 
Lake  Superior  hematite  and  New  Jersey  magnetic.     Brand,  "  Lehigh." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron.  « 

Logan  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Lewistown,  Mifflin  County.  Emma  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  12.000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Lake  Superior  red  hematite, 
carbonate,  and  red  fossiliferous.     Brand,  "  Emma." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Logan  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Greenwood,  Huntingdon  County.  Greenwood 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  3200  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ore,  red 
fossiliferous.     Brand,  "  Greenwood." 

This  company  make  five  grades  of  Cold  HIast  charcoal  pi);  iron  all  of  which  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  chilled  car 
wheels,  chilled  rolls,  etc.,  and  is  graded  by  the  broken  granular  surface  into  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4  or  mottled  and  white  iron. 


8()  Analyses  of  Pig  fron 


PENNSYLVANIA  (Continued) 

Maiden  Cref.k  Furnace,  Lenhartsville,  Berks  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  3500 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  hematite  and  local  magnetite.  Brand,  "Maiden 
Creek." 

McCoy  and  Linn,  Milesburg,  Centre  County.  Hecla  Furnace.  Stacks,!.  Capacity, 
1800  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ore,  hematite  from  Nittany  Valley. 
Brand,  "  Hecla." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon .790 

Phosphorus 1 .025 

Sulphur 020 

Manganese .650 

Combined  Carbon .600 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  930 

Mont  Alto  Iron  Works,  Mont  Alto,  Franklin  County.  Mont  Alto  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  brown  hematite.  Brand, 
"Mont  Alto." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


National  Steel  Company,  Newcastle  Works,  Newcastle,  Lawrence  County. 
Stacks,  4.  Total  capacity,  400,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore, 
Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


National  Tube  Company,  McKeesport.  Monongahela  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  250,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  Connellsville  Bee  Hive  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Silicon 1.510 

Phosphorus .090 

Sulphur .020 

Manganese .  850 

Carbon  4.030 

National  Steel  Company,  Sharon  Works,  Sharon,  Mercer  County.  Stacks,  2. 
Total  capacity,  73,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Norristown  Iron  Works,  Norristown,  Montgomery  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ore,  principally  foreign.  Brand, 
"Acme." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


7^^  -T'—r 

PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued)  _,  -   - 

Paxton  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  The — Harrisburg,  Dauphin  County.  Paxton 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  70,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and 
coke.     Ores,  various  kinds.     Brands,  "Paxton"  and  "Silver  Spring." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron . 

Pennsylvania  Steel  Company,  The— Steelton,  Dauphin  County.  Stacks,  5.  Total 
capacity,  300,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.     Ores,  Lake. 

Bessemer.  Low  Phosphorus.  Basic. 

Silicon   ". . . .  1 .  50  Low 

Phosphorus   below   .10  .03  .  20  to  .  25 

Sulphur   below   .05  .03  below  .05 

Pennsylvanl\  Furnace  Company,  Sheridan,  Lebanon  County.  Sheridan  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  56,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores, 
Cornwall  and  Lake  Superior.      Brands,  "  Sheridan  "  and  "  Vulcan." 

Foundry  and  Forge.  Bessemer. 

Silicon  1.70to3  00  2.00to;i.50 

Phosphorus .  50  to  1 .  00  .  03  to     .  06 

Sulphur 02  to     .08  .01  to     .05 

Combined  Carbon .20  .10 

Graphitic  Carbon    3.00  3.10 

Perkins  and  Company,  Limited,  Sharpsville,  Mercer  County.  Mabel  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  70,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake 
Superior.      Brand,  "  Mabel." 

No.  1  Foundry. 

Silicon 1.080 

Phosphorus .  103 

Sulphur 023 

Manganese 1 .  360 

Combined  Carbon .  500 

Graphitic  Carbon   3.010 

Pickands,  Mather  and  Company,  Alice  Furnace  at  Sharpsville  and  Ella  Furnace 
at  West  Middlesex.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  lo6,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore, 
Lake  Superior.     Brands,  "  Alice  "  and  "  Ella." 


Bessemer  and  Foundry.  No.  1.         No.  2.         No,  3.        No.  4. 

75 
25 


Silicon    2.00         1.25         1  00 

25 


Phosphorus 25  .25 

Sulphur. 04  .04 

Manganese .60  .60 

Combined  Carbon .35  .35 

Graphitic  Carbon    3.00  3.00 


04 
60 


04 
60 


Pottsville  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Pottsville.  Schuylkill  County.  Pioneer 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal.  Ores, 
foreign,  Lake  Superior  and  New  Jersey  magnetic.     Brand,  "  Pioneer." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


82  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

PoTTSTowN  Iron  Company,  Pottstown,  Montgomery  County.  Anvil  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  mag- 
netic and  hematite.     Brand,  "  Anvil." 

Coukl  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Potts,  William  M.,  Wyebrooke,  Chester  County.  Isabella  Furnace.  .Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  5400  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast).  Ores,  magnetic  and  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Wyebrooke." 

No.  1. 

Silicon .464 

Phosphorus .812 

Sulphur 026 

Manganese .  861 

Combined  Carbon   .  822 

Graphitic  Carbon    3 .  598 

PUNXSUTAWNEY  Iron  COMPANY,  Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  County.     Punxy  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.      Capacity,  85,000  to 
and  specular.     Brand,  "  Punxy. 


per  year.     Fuel,  coke. 

Ores, 

Lake  Superior,  hemati 

No.  1            No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  1 

No.  2           No.  3.          Grey 

X.                 X. 

Plain. 

Soft. 

Soft.                               Forge. 

2.75          2.50 

2.25 

2.75 

2.50          2.00       1.75 

.40             .40 

.40 

,40 

.40             .40          .40 

.02             .03 

.05 

.03 

.04             .05          .07 

.65             .60 

.59 

,65 

.60             .58          .58 

Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese , 

Reading  Iron  Company,  Emaus,  Lehigh  County.  Crumwold  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  Lake  Superior,  hematite  and  magnetic. 

No.  1  X.  No.  2  X.  No.  2  Plain. 

Silicon 2.50  to  3.25  2.50  to  3.00  2.00  to  2. .50 

Phosphorus .40  to     .70  .40  to     .70  .40  to     .70 

Sulphur 01  to     .03  .02  to     .05  .03  to     .07 

Manganese .  20  to     .  50  .  20  to     .  50  .  20  to     .  50 

Combined  Carbon 10  to     .  15  . 1 5  to     .  20  .  20  to     .  40 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  00  to  3 .  50  2 .  75  to  3 .  00  2 .  75  to  3 .  00 

Reading  Iron  Company,  Reading,  Berks  County.  Keystone  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  Lake  Superior,  hematite  and  magnetic. 

Analysis  of  this  iron  same  as  made  Ijy  this  company  at  Crumwold  furnace.     See  above. 

Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Comp.\ny  (formerly  called  Sharon  Furnace).  Sharon, 
Mercer  County.  Hall  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel, 
Connellsville  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Superior. 

No.  2.  No.  H.         No.  4. 

Silicon    1 .  600  .920  .74 

Phosphorus 290  .290  .32 

Sulphur    .025  .028  .04 

Manganese   .  620  .  560  .  43 

Combined  Carbon 150  .280  .75 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.590  3.260  2.49 


vS".   R.   Church. 


83 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


PUNXSUTAWNEY  IRON  COMPANY. 


No.  2  "PUNXY.' 


84 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


PUNXSUTAWNEY  IRON  COMPANY. 


PUNXSUTAWNEY  FURNACE. 
Ready  for  the  Cast. 


5".  R.   Church. 


Ss 


PENNSYLVANIA    (Continued) 


PUNXSUTAWNEY  IRON  COMPANY 


GRADING  PUNXSUTAWNEY  IRON. 


86 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA  (Continued) 


PUNXSUTAWNEY  IRON  COMPANY, 


WORM'S  EYE  VIEW  OF  PUNXSUTAWNEY  FURNACE. 


^.  A'.  Church.  87 


No.  2. 

Grey 
I'"orKe. 

2 .  790 

1.680 

.451 

.514 

.031 

.040 

.150 

3.897 

PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

RoBESON'i.v  Iron  C(,)MrANy,  Limited,  Robesonia,  Berks  County.  Robesoiiia  Fur- 
nace. Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  05,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  roasted  Cornwall 
alone.     Brand,  "  Robesonia." 

I,ow  Phosphorus. 

Silicon 3.000  to  3. .".00 

Phosphorus .020 

vSulphur .010 

Manganese None 

Combined  Carbon .083 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  140 


RocKHiLL  Irox  .\xd  Coal  COMPANY,  Huntingdon  County.  Rockhill  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  .■!0,00()  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  local.  Brand,  "Rock- 
hill." 

No.  1. 

vSilicon .■         2 .  530 

Phosphorus    .  499 

Sulphur  024 

Combined  Carbon    .... 

Graphitic   Carbon .... 


Saxton  Iron  Company,  Saxton,  Bedford  County.  Saxton  Furnaces.  Stacks,  2. 
Total  capacity,  4o,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  native  and  Lake  Superior. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Sharpsville  Furnace  Company,  Sharpsville,  Mercer  County.  Sliarpsville  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacit}',  72,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brand, 
"  Sharpsville." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


South  Mountain  Mining  and  Iron  Company,  Cumberland  County.  Pine  Grove 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  5000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ore,  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Pine    Grove." 

Could  not  obtain  aualvsis  of  this  iron. 


Spearman  Iron  Company,  The — Sharpsville,  Mercer  County.  Spearman  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  72,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,  "Spearman." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


8^  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued) 

Stewart  Iron  Company,  Limited,  Sharon,  Mercer  County.  Stewart  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  82,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,  "  Stewart." 

LOW  PHOSPHORUS. 

Grade  No.   1.     Guaranteed,    Phosphorus   not   to   exceed  .03;    Silicon   not    to  exceed   1.00  and 

Sulphur  not  over  .030. 
Grade  No.   2.     Guaranteed,  Phosphorus  from  .031  to  .040  ;  Silicon  and  Sulphur  as  above. 
Grade  No.  8.     Guaranteed,  Phosphorus  from  .041  to  .050;  Silicon  and  Sulphur  as  above. 

REGULAR  BESSEMER. 
Guaranteed,  Pho.sphorus  not  to  exceed  .10 ;  Silicon  1.00  to  1.50  and  Sulphur  not  over  .050. 


Susquehanna  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Vesta,  Lancaster  County.  Vesta  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores, 
hematite  and  magnetite      Brand,  "  Vesta." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Susquehanna  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Wrightsville,  York  County.  Aurora 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  ;^0,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 
Ore.  native.     Brand,  "  Aurora." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Swatara  Furnace,  Union  Deposit,  Dauphin  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  18,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  magnetite,  brown  hematite  and 
fossil. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Temple  Iron  Company,  Temple,  Berks  County.  Temple  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke  Ores,  Lake  Superior  and 
local  hematite  and  New  Jersey  magnetic.     Brand,  "  Temple." 

Mill  Iron. 

Silicon 50  to  l.UO 

Phosphorus 40  to     .90 

Sulphur 10  to     .05 


XU" 


'■%>, 


V\  /9. C'  yf 


W^' 


PENNSYLVANIA   (Continued); 


'■  !^^ '^^.i-ns  (t  ^^"^'^'^' 


:--';^ 

*!*•* 


Thom.^s  Iron  Company,  The — Hokendauqua,  Lehigh  County.  Stacks,  0.  Total 
capacity,  240,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.  Ores,  foreign.  Lake 
Superior,  local  brown  hematite  and  New  Jersey  magnetic.      Brand,  "Thomas." 


Silicon   

Phosphorus.    ... 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon 


No.  1  X. 

No.  2  X, 

2.426 

2  096 

1.100 

1.116 

.020 

.020 

.187 

.126 

.200 

.500 

3.500 

3.000 

W.\RWiCK  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Pottstown,  Montgomery  County.  Warwick 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  65,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  one-quarter  anthracite  coal 
and  three-quarters  coke.  Ores,  New  Jersey  and  New  York  magnetites  and  Lake  Superior. 
Brand,   "Warwick." 


Silicon 


Phosphorus. 


Sulphur. 


Manganese 


Combined  Carbon 


Graphitic  Carbon 


No.  1 
X. 

2.00 

to 
3.00 

.40 

to 

.50 

.01 
to 

.03 

.40 

to 

.60 

.10 

to 

.30 

3.40 

to 
3  70 


No.  2 

X 

Soft. 

No.  2 

X 

Strong. 

No.  2 
Plain. 

Malleable 

and 
No.  2  mill. 

No. :', 

2.00 

1.50 

2.00 

1.00 

1,00 

to 
3.00 

to 
2.00 

to 
3.00 

to 
1.50 

to 
1.75 

.40 

.40 

.40 

.30 

.40 

to 
.60 

to 
.50 

to 
.50 

to 
.50 

to 
.50 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.03 

04 

to 
.04 

to 
.05 

to 
.06 

to 
.05 

to 
.08 

.40 

.40 

.40 

.40 

40 

to 
.60 

to 
.60 

to 
.60 

to 
60 

to 
.60 

.20 

.20 

.20  \ 

to 
.40 

to 
.40 

to 
50 

3.50 

3.00 

3.30 

3.30 

3 .  30 

to 
4.00 

to 
3.30 

to 
3.60 

to 
3.60 

to 
3.50  / 

- 

Wellman  Furnace,  Thurlow,  Delaware  County.      Stacks,!.     Capacity,  40,000  tons 
per  j-ear.      Fuel,  anthracite  coal  and  coke.      Ore,  foreign. 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


go 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


TENNESSEE 


Buffalo  Iron  Company,  Manuie,  Wayne  County 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  local  brown  hematite. 


Stacks,  2.     Total  capacity,  30,000 


Brand,  "  Mannie." 


Average  analysis. 

Silicon 2.00  to  5.00 

Pho.sphorus 1 . 9.^  to  2 .  25 

vSulphur .01  to     .03 

Manganese .  40  to      .50 

Combined  Carbon .10  to     .15 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  85  to  3 .  25 


MANNIE  PIG   IRON. 


5.  R.  Church. 


9/ 


TENNESSEE    (Continued) 

Chattanooga  Furnack  Company,  Chattanooga,  Hamilton  Count}-.  Chattanooga 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacit}',  24,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  brown  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Chattanooga." 

No.  1  No.  2  No.  .S  No.  1  No.  2  No.  4  Grey 

Foundry.      Foundry.      Foundry.  Soft.  Soft.         Foundry.         Forge. 

Silicon 2.241  2.164  1  .9.S1  3  042  2.864  1    821  ]    146 

Plio.sphorus .884  .862  .891  .872  ,886  .847  .888 

Sulphur .004  .005  .008  Trace  Trace  .007  .010 

Manganese   ..  .            ...  .521  .504  .47(i  .641  .589  .406  .392 

Combined  Carbon.      .    .  .290  .320  .410  .140  .180  .440  .660 

Graphitic  Carbon  .    ...  3.541  3.340  3.221  3.389  3.300  3.204  2.891 

CiTico  Furnack  Company,  Chattanooga,  Hamilton  County.  Citico  Furnace.  Stacks,!. 
Capacity,  48,000  tons  per  5'ear.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Tennessee  and  Georgia  red  and 
brown  hematite.     Brand,  "Citico." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 2.50 

Phosphoru-s 1.23 

Sulphur 06 

Manganese .83- 

Combined  Carbon .26 

Graphitic  Carbon 2.80 

Dayton  Coal  and  Iron  Company-,  The — Dayton,  Rhea  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  72,000  tons  per  Year.  Fiiel,  coke.  Ores,  Tennessee  fossil  and  Georgia  hematite. 
Brand,  "Dayton." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Gracey- Woodward    Iron   Company,    Clarksville,  Montgomery    County. 
Capacity,  36,000  tons  per  3'ear.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  local  brown  hematite. 


Stacks,  1 . 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Napier  Iron  Work.s,  Napier,  Lewis  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  ;)0,000  tons  per 
}-ear.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "Napier." 


Silicon 

Pho.sphorus .... 

Sulphur 

Manganese      .  .  . 
Total  Carbon  .  . . 


No.  1. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  5. 

2 .  662 

2.0120 

1.734 

1.511 

.1470 

.786 

.7920 

.829 

.861 

.7000 

.(K)5 

.0003 

.023 

.001 

.0013 

.  200 

.182 



3.027 

3.665 

3.536 

3.712 

3.8120 

Ro.ANE  Iron   Comp.\ny,  Rockwood,  Roane  Count}-.     Rockwood  Furnace.     Stacks,  1. 
Capacit}-,  oO,000  tons  per  3-ear.      Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  red  fossiliferous.      Brand,  "Rockwood." 


No.  2 
Foundry. 

Silicon 2.65 

Phosphorus 1.40 

Sulphur .01 

Manganese .40 

Coraljiined  Carbon    .30 

Graphitic  Carbon 3  .  00 


gz 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


TENNESSEE   (Continued) 

TenneSvSEE  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  Cowan,  Franklin  County.  Sewanee 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  54,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  soft  red  fossil- 
iferous  and  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "Sewanee." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  South  Pittsburg,  Marion  County. 
South  Pittsburg  Furnaces.  Stacks,  .3.  Total  capacity,  175,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke. 
Ores,  blown  hematite  and  hard  red  fossiliferous.     Brand,  "  South  Pittsburg." 


Silicon 2 

Phosphorus 1 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined    Carbon    .... 
Graphitic    Carbon 3 


No.  1 
Soft. 

No.  2 
Soft. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

No.  3 
Foundry. 

Grey 
Forge. 

!  690 

2 .  760 

2.450 

1.910 

1 .  890 

L  460 

1.260 

1   400 

1 .  4Ci0 

1 .  230 

.018 

.016 

016 

.023 

.019 

.931) 

.930 

.  930 

.  930 

.370 

.380 

4211 

450 

54.50 

3.410 

3 ,  1 90 

2.970 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Johnson  City  , Washington  County. 
Carnegie  Furnace.  Slacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  j-ear.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Cran- 
berr3^      Brand,   "Carnegie." 


Bessemer. 

Silicon 1 .  200 

Phosphorus .  050 

Sulphur 020 

Manganese    .750 

Combined  Carbon .710 

Graphitic   Carbon    3 .  300 


Special  Bessemer 

75 

to 

1 .  500 

.024 

.012 

740 

60 

to 

.800 

3 

20 

to 

3 .  500 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Embreville,  Washington  County. 
Embreville  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  j^ear.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  local 
brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Embreville." 


Silicon   

Phosphorus 

Sulphur     

Manganese   

Combined  Carbon. 
Graphitic  Carbon .  , 


No.  2 
Soft. 

No.  1 
X. 

No.  2 
X. 

No.  2 
Plain. 

No.  3 
X. 

Grey 
Forge. 

5.760 

3.100 

2.900 

2.410 

2.200 

1.710 

.300 

.350 

.450 

450 

.450 

.450 

.010 

.012 

.012 

.014 

.018 

.022 

860 

.800 

.750 

.910 

.800 

.740 

.090 

.120 

.130 

.150 

.190 

.380 

5.600 

3.520 

3.480 

3.390 

3.330 

3.220 

S.  R.  Church.  gj 


TENNESSEE  (Continued) 

White,  Dixon  and  Company,  Bear  Spring,  Stewart  County.  Bear  Spring  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacit}^  4000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast.)  Ore,  brown  hema- 
tite.    Brand,  "  Dover." 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4. 

Silicon 1.630  1.000  .476  .250 

Phosphorus 374  390  .363  .254 

Sulphur   010  .010  .009  .010 

Manganese 210  .180  .200  .190 

Carbon 3.980  3.845  3.945  3.850 


TEXAS 

Jefferson  Iron  Company,  Jefferson,  Marion  County.  Jefferson  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  13,500  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  charcoal.  Ores,  local  brown,  fossiliferous  and  car- 
bonate.    Brand,  "Jefferson." 

GRADING  CARD. 
Grades.  Average   Silicon. 

Lone  Star  Silvery  or  Scotch  Softeners 3.50^  to  5.00r<i 

Softeners  (No.  1  and  No.  2) 2.755*  to  3.50:^ 

No.  1  Foundry  "High" 2.50^  to  3,00^ 

No.  1  Foundry  "  Low " 1 .75^  to  2.50!^ 

No.  2  Foundry  "  High  " 2 .  25^  to  2 .  75!^ 

No.  2  Foundry  "  Low  " 1 .  60^  to  2 .  30;^ 

No.  3  Foundry  "  High  " 1.60^  to  2.25;^ 

No.  3  Foundry  "  Low" 1 .50^  to  2.00^^ 

No.  4  Foundry  "  High  " 1 .  50^  to  1 .  909^ 

No.  4  Foundry  "  Low  " 1 .25;!^  to  1 .75% 

No.  2  "  Car  Wheel  " 1 .  10!^  to  1 .30!« 

No.  3>^  "Car  Wheel" 1.00^  to  1.25^ 

No.  4  "  Car  Wheel  " 605^  to  1 .00^ 

No.  5  "  Car  Wheel " 50^  to     .70^ 

No.  6  "Car  Wheel" 305^  to     .50^ 

Phosphorus  varies  from 1 1  ;^  to  .  20% 

Manganese       "  "    30;^  to  .60% 

Sulphur  "  "    Trace  to  .05% 

This'cotnpany  makes  iron  suitable  for  malleable,  car-wheel  and  foundry  purposes. 

Old  Alcalde  Furnace,  Rusk,  Cherokee  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  10,000  tons 
perj'year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Old  Alcalde." 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3. 

Silicon 1.810  1.780  .820 

Phosphorus 404  .416  .350 

Sulphur .069  .046  Trace 

Manganese Trace  Trace  Trace 

Combined  Carbon 1 .  280  1 .  280  .780 

Graphitic  Carbon 1.960  1.890 


94 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


TEXAS  (Continued) 

Star  and  Crescent  Iron  Furnace,  Rusk,  Cherokee  County.    Stacks,  1.    Capacity, 
18,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.    Ores,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Star  and  Crescent." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 2.050 

Phosphorus .668 

Sulphur 003 

Manganese Trace 

Combined  Carbon .  580 

Graphitic  Carbon 2  .390 

Tassie  Belle  Furnace,  New  Birmingham,  Cherokee  County.     Stacks,  1.    Capacity, 
13,500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  local  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Tassie  Belle." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


VIRGINIA 


Alleghany   Iron  Company,  Iron   Gate,  Alleghany  County.     Alleghany   Furnace. 

Stacks,  1.    Capacity,  35,000  tons  per  year.    Fuel,    coke.  Ore,  brown    hematite.      Brand, 
"  Alleghany." 

No.  1             No.  2              No.  2  No.  3             Grey 

X.                  X.               Plain.  Foundry.        Forge. 

Silicon 2.75           2.50          2.00  1.75          1.00 

Phosphorus .35             .35             .36  .35             .35 

Sulphur .03             .04             .05  .06             .07 

Manganese 1.25           1.25           1.25  1.25           1.25 

Combined  Carbon .18             .25              .40  .60           2.85 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.50          3.35          3.15  3.00             .75 

Big  Stone  Gap  Iron  Company,  Big  Stone  Gap,  Wise  County.  Stacks,  2  (one  in 
blast).  Capacity,  36,500  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  fossil.  Brand,  "  Big  Stone 
Gap." 

No.  1.            No.  2.            No.  3.  No.  4.           No.  5. 

Silicon 3.180        3.120        2.500  1.610        1.000 

Phosphorus 592           .546           .571  .580           .586 

Sulphur 012           .009         Trace  .010           .015 

Manganese 356           .300           .312  .280           .305 

Combined  Carbon 120           .210           .400  .630           .750 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.080        2.410        1.910  1.750        1.500 

Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Shenandoah,  Page  County.  Gem  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  36,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pocahontas  coke.  Ore,  brown  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Shenandoah  "  ("  Gem  "). 

No.  1.            No.  2.           No.  3.  Grey                       Basic 

Forge.  Bessemer.* 

Silicon 2.750        2.500        2.100  1.00        1.00  and  under 

Phosphorus .850           .850           .850  .85        2.00  or  over 

Sulphur .015           .020           .035  .06           .05  or  under 

Manganese 1.250        1.250        1.250  1.25        2.00  or  over 

Combined  Carbon 200           .250           .300  .45 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.250        3.000        2.750  2.50 

*This  is  iron  used  in  the  Thomas  Gilchrist  process. 


vS".  R.   Church. 


95 


VIRGINIA   (Continued) 


EMPIRE  STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


EMPIRE  BUILDING.  BROADWAY  AND  RKCTOk  .STREET, 
Nkw  Vork  Citv,  Nkw  York. 
Offices  of  Empire  .Steel  and  Iron  Co.,  Nos.  1213  and  1214. 
Trinity  Church  in  the  foreground. 


g6 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


VIRGINIA  (Continued) 


Empire  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Goshen,  Rockbridge  County,  Victoria  Furnace- 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  New  River  coke.  Ores,  native  brown 
(limonites.)     Brand,  "  Victoria." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese    

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic   Carbon . 


No.   1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Grey 

No.  1 

oundry. 

Foundry. 

Plain. 

Foundry. 

Forge. 

Soft. 

2.770 

2 .  320 

2.090 

2.020 

1.160 

3.030 

.709 

.950 

.793 

.839 

.974 

.681 

.018 

.033 

019 

.021) 

.057 

.018 

.580 

.580 

.560 

.440 

.500 

.540 

.160 

.260 

.510 

.790 

1.700 

.060 

8.500 

3.120 

2.750 

2.560 

2.120 

3.550 

NO.  1  SOFT  VICTORIA. 


S.   R.   Church, 


PRCFEfiTV  th   <g 


VIRGINIA  (Continued) 


^/iN 


EMPIRE  STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


No.  1  FOUNDRY  VICTORIA. 


98 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


VIRGINIA    (Continued) 


EMPIRE   STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


No.  2  FOUNDRY  VICTORIA. 


S.  R.   Church. 


99 


VIRGINIA  (Continued) 


EMPIRE   STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


No.  1  STRONG  VICTORIA, 


100 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


VIRGINIA   (Continued) 


EMPIRE  STEEL  AND   IRON   COMPANY. 


HUDDLESTON  MINE,  POTTS  VALLEY,  VA.,  SHOWING  INCLINE. 
(Ore  used  at  Victoria  Furnace.) 


"C 


<^o\ 


s.R.cAurck.    h    PRCF[RTVL^  'f\ 


'\IOI 


VIRGINIA  (Continued) 


Liberty  Furnace,  Shenandoah  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  15,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  local  limonite.     Brand,  "  Liberty." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


LoxGDALE  Iron  Company,  Longdale,  Alleghanj-  County.     Stacks,  2.     Total  capacity, 
40,000  tons  per  year.      Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Longdale." 

Basic. 

Silicon not  over     1 .  00 

Sulphur "       "         .05 


Low  Moor  Iron  Company  of  Virginia,  The — Alleghany  County.  Stacks,  3. 
Capacity,  90,CM}0  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  New  River  coke.  Ore,  local  brown  hematite.  Brands, 
"Low  Moor"  and  "Covington." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Nannie  B.  Furnace,  Reusens,  Campbell  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  15,000  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  specular  and  brown  hematite.      Brand,  "  Virginia." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


New  River  Mineral  Company,  Wythe  County.  Ivanhoe  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Pocahontas  coke.  Ores,  local  brown  hematite  and 
limonite.     Brand,  "  Ivanhoe." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Princess  Furnace,  Glen  Wilton,  Botetourt   County.     Stacks,   1.     Capacity,    15,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.      Ore,  hematite.     Brand,  "  Princess." 

No.  1.                                 No.  2.  No.  3. 

Silicon 2.250  to  2.750        2.000  to  2  750  2.000  to  2.750 

Phosphorus 600  to     .700           .600  to     .700  .600  to     .700 

Sulphur 015  to     .026           .015  to     .026  .015  to     .026 

Manganese' 400  to     .800           ,400  to     .800  .400  to     .800 

Combined  Carbon .110                             .130  .180 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  970                          3 .  750  3 .  680 


102  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3. 

X. 

Plain. 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

.400 

.400 

.400 

.020 

.025 

.035 

.900 

.900 

.900 

.190 

.280 

.360 

5.200 

3.000 

2.760 

VIRGINIA   (Continued) 

Pulaski    Iron    Company,    Pulaski   City,    Pulaski   County.     Stacks,    1.      Capacity, 
60,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  Pocahontas  coke.     Ores,  brown  hematite  and  linionite. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon . 


Radford  Iron  Company,  Pulaski  County.     Radford  Furnace.     Stacks,  1.    Capacity, 
2500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Roanoke   Furnacp:   Company,   Roanoke,  Roanoke   County.     Stacks,  1.      Capacity, 
55,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  brown  hematite.     Brand,  "  Roanoke." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon 


Salem  Furnace,  Salem,  Roanoke  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  35,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  local  hematite.     Brand,  "  Salem." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Van  Buren  Furnace,  Shenandoah  County.      Stacks,  1.     Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  from 
Grindstone  Bank. 

No.  1.  No.  2. 

Silicon 91  .35 

Phosphorus .14  .16 

Sulphur Trace  .02 

Manganese .36  .52 

Combined  Carbon   .19  .65 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  65  2 .  37 


No  1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Grey 

X. 

X. 

Plain. 

Foundry. 

Forge. 

t.ooo 

2.750 

2.400 

2.000 

1.750 

.800 

.800 

.800 

.800 

.800 

.020 

.030 

.040 

.050 

.060 

.750 

.750 

.750 

.750 

.750 

.200 

.300 

.500 

.700 

.900 

;.650 

3.500 

3.200 

2.900 

2.600 

S.  R.  Church.  loj 


VIRGINIA   (Continued) 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Graham,  Tazewell  County.  Graham 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  fossil  and  hema- 
tites.    Brand,  "  Graham." 

Average  analysis 
Foundry. 

Silicon 2.903 

Phosphorus  .  449 

Sulphur 037 

Manganese .  392 

Combined  Carbon   .170 

Graphitic  Carbon 8 .  130 


Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Radford,  Montgomery  County.  Radford 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  limonite  and 
mountain. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.460.      3.270         3.250         3.200         3.180         3.010 


Virginia    Iron,  Coal   and    Coke  Company,  Reed  Island,  Pulaski  County.     Reed 

Island  Furnace.     Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  2500  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  charcoal  (cold  blast). 
Ore,  local  hematite. 

No.  1.  No.  2.         No.  3.         No.  4.         No.  5. 

Silicon 990  .670         .580         .490  .710 

Phosphorus 185  .160           150         .240  .240 

Sulphur 029  .030         .034         .0.38  .039 

Manganese 310  .200         .140         .110  050 


Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Bristol,  Washington  County.  Bristol 
Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  brown  hematite 
and  fossil.      Brand,  "  Bristol." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur  

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.580  3.260         3.240         3.230         3.200         3.140         3.010         2.780 


No.1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  .S 

No.  3 

Forge. 

X. 

X. 

Plain. 

X. 

C. 

3 .  220 

2. 580 

2 . 4.50 

2.250 

2.000 

1.560 

.800 

.850 

.850 

.980 

.900 

.900 

.018 

.020 

.028 

.032 

.032 

.061 

.900 

.950 

1.000 

1.050 

1.100 

1.100 

.180 

.210 

.290 

.290 

.310 

.480 

No.  2 

No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  3. 

Foundry 

Grey 

Soft. 

X. 

X. 

Plain. 

X. 

C. 

Forge. 

Forge. 

3.510 

2.480 

2.220 

1.900 

1.750 

1 .  520 

1.180 

.880 

.580 

.620 

.600 

.600 

.700 

.650 

.  650 

.650 

.012 

.012 

.017 

.022 

.023 

.021 

040 

.044 

.280 

.280 

.300 

.40(J 

.450 

.250 

.250 

.250 

.110 

.210 

.230 

.2.30 

.200 

.310 

..340 

.680 

I04 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


VIRGINIA    (Continued) 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Roanoke,  Roanoke  County.  Crozer 
Furnaces.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  90,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Oriskany, 
limonite  and  mountain.     Brand,  "Crozer." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


Slo.    1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3 

Grey 

X. 

X. 

Plain. 

X. 

Forge. 

.950 

2.710 

2.510 

2.010 

1.100 

.630 

.630 

.720 

.640 

.630 

.026 

.028 

.028 

.030 

.065 

.910 

.900 

.980 

.790 

.810 

.120 

.170 

.220 

.280 

.520 

.480 

3.410 

3.280 

3.120 

2.870 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Pulaski,  Pulaski  County.     Dora  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  limonite.     Brand,  "  Dora." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  3 

No.  4 

X. 

X. 

Plain. 

X. 

C. 

X. 

3.180 

2.480 

2.420 

2.080 

1.740 

1.410 

.380 

.360 

.460 

.500 

.500 

.490 

.016 

.021 

.030 

.042 

.040 

.050 

.940 

1.020 

1.020 

1.040 

.980 

.980 

.100 

.120 

.190 

.240 

.200 

.290 

3.460 

3.200 

3.370 

3.050 

3.100 

3.140 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Buena  Vista,  Rockbridge  County.  Buena 
Vista  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Oriskany. 
Brand,  "  Buena  Vista." 

Basic. 

Silicon .500 

Phosphorus .  350 

Sulphur 018  , 

Manganese 2 .  130 

Combined  Carbon 1 .  000 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  100 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Max  Meadows,  Wythe  County.  Max 
Meadows  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  60,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  limo- 
nite and  mountain. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


WEST    VIRGINIA 

IrondalE    Furnace,  Independence,    Preston  County.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,    16,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  limonite  and  hematite.    Brand,  "  F.  N." 

Could  not  obtain  analy.sis  of  this  iron. 


S.  R.  Church. 


105 


WEST   VIRGINIA    (Continued) 

National  Tube  Company,  Benwood,  Marshall  County.  Riverside  Furnace.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  80,000  tons  per  j'ear.  Fuel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brand, 
"Riverside." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Wheeling  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  Wheeling,  Ohio  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  150,000  tons  per  year.  Fiiel,  Connellsville  coke.  Ore,  Lake  Superior.  Brands, 
"Belmont "and  "Top  Mill." 


Standard  Bessemer. 


Silicon  . .  . 
Phosphorus. 
Sulphur    .  .  . 


1.50  to  2.50 

not  to  exceed   .  1 0 

"    "        "        .05 


WISCONSIN 

Ashland  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ashland,  Ashland  County.     Hinkle 

Stacks,  1.      Capacity,    45,000   tons   per   year.      Fuel,    charcoal.  Ore,  Gogebic. 
"  Hinkle." 

No.  1  Foundry.       No.  2  to  No.  6  Foundry.  Scotch. 

Silicon    1.00  to  2.00               .10  to  1.25  2.25  to  3.00 

Phosphorus .12  to     .18               .12  to     .18  .12  to     .18 

Sulphur Trace  to     .  01           Trace  to     .  01  Trace  to     .  01 

Manganese .40  to     .90               .40  to     .90  .40  to     .90 

Combined  Carbon .30  to     .40               .30  to     .40  .30  to     .40 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.30  to  3.80             3.30  to  3.80  3.30  to  3.80 


Furnace. 
Brand, 


GRADING  CARD 
Grades.  Average  Silicon. 

"A  Scotch" 2.75^ 

"B  Scotch" 2.50^ 

"  C  Scotch  " 2 .  25% 

No.  1   "Soft" 2.00% 

No.  1   "Special" 1.75% 

No.    1   "Foundry" 1.50% 

No.  2  "Low" 1.25% 

No.  2  "High" 1.00% 

No.  3  "Low" 80% 

No.  3  "  Medium  " 65% 

No.  3  "High" 55% 

No.   4  "  Low" 45% 

No.  4  "High" 35% 

No.  5  "  Low  "      30%  or  less 

No.  5  "High" 20%       " 

No.  6  "  White  " 10%  to  trace 

The  grades  from  No.  3  "  Low  "  to  No.  ti,  both  inclusive,  are  governed  by  the  grain  and  chill  of  the  pig  in  preference  to 
the  analysis. 

"  Special  Cylinder,"  "  Special  Share,"  and  other  extra  foundry  grades  to  suit  requirements. 
"  Hinkle  Cold  Blast."     Special  product  made  in  small  quantities. 


jo6 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


WISCONSIN    (Continued) 


ASHLAND   IRON  AND  STEEL  COMPANY. 


No.  1  SOFT  HINKLE. 


S.  R.   Church.  //W  ^0,  "•■:,, 

WISCONSIN  (Continl*^/.^  ^%'i>^y^'^ 

Ashland  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  (Continued).  "" 

AMOUNT  OF   CHILL   IN   "HINKLE"  PIG   IRON. 

No.  2  "  High  " No  chill 

No.  3  "  Low  " Feather  chill 

No.  3  "Medium" }i"  \.o     W 

No.  3  "High" Ks"  to     K" 

No.  4  "Low" ^"  to  IK" 

No.  4  "High" 1^"  to       2" 

No.  5  "  Low  " Nearly  white 

No.  5  "High"    All  white 

No.  (5 White  iron 


loy 


Eagle  Furnace,  Spring  Valley,  Pierce  County.     Stacks,   1.     Capacity,   22,()()0  tons 
per  year.      Fuel,  charcoal.     Ore,  brown  hematite. 

Average  analysis. 

.Silicon    ,  T.')  to  1 .  oO 

Phosplioru.s .  18  to     .22 

Manganc-se                 .  60  to      .80 

Combined  Carbon    ....  .30  to     .70 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  60  to  2 .  70 


Illinois  Steel  Company,  Milwaukee  Works,  Milwaukee.  Bay  View  Furnaces. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity  130,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Connellsville  and  Pocahontas  coke. 
Ores,  Lake  Superior  and  Gogebic. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 
Sulphur .... 
Manganese  . 


Foundry. 

1 . 50  to  2 . 25 
.20  to  .80 
below  .  05 
.20  to     .75 


Malleable  Bessemer. 

.75  to  2.00 
.  10  to  .  20 
below  .  05 
.  60  to  1 .  40 


Minerva   Pig  Iron  Company,  Milwaukee.     Minerva  Furnace.     Stacks,  1.     Capacitj-, 
40,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Lake  Stiperior.      Brand,  "  Minerva." 


Silicon .  . 
Sulphur . 


No.  1. 

2.25  and  above 
.04  and  below 


No.  2. 

1 .  750  and  above 
.  045  and  below 


No.  3. 

1 .  25  and  above 
.05  and  below 


No.  4. 

1  00  and  above 
.  06  and  below 


Northwestern  Iron  Company,  Thp: — Mayville,  Dodge  County.  Mayville  Furnace. 
Stacks,  1.  Capacity  60,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Menominee,  Gogebic  and 
local.       Brands,  "  Sidney  "  and  "  Gertrude." 


No.  1. 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 
Sulphur  .  .  . 
Manganese. 


2.25 

.65 

.03 

.50 


-Sidney. 
No.  2. 

1.75 
.68 
.03 
.50 


No.  3.       Gertrude. 


1.30 
.72 
.04 
.40 


3.000 
.750 
.025 
.550 


Malleable 
Bessemer. 

1.80 
.15 
.03 
.50 


ENGLAND 


S.   R.   Church.    //=.       DD/>rrr-r\y   /.        '     ■•         ^f^ 


PROPLRTVCh  '^;> 


fH 


CUMBERLAND  ^^^i^;g^_fp^.^,^!),>»«^^   ' 

Bain,  Jas.  and  Company,  Harrington.     Brand,  "Harrington." 

Silicon 2.50  to  3.00 

Phosphorus .04 

Sulphur .04 


Cammel,  Chas.  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Maryport  and  Workington.  Brands,  "Sol- 
way  ''  and  "  Derwent  " 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

DiSTiNGTON  Hematite  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Distington.  Capacity,  70,000  tons 
per  year.  Fuel,  best  Durham  and  Newcastle  coke.  Ore,  native  Cumberland  hematite. 
Brand,  "  Distington." 

No  1.  No.  2.  No.  3. 

Silicon 2.000  to  3,000  2.000  to  3.000  2.000  to  3.000 

Phosphorus  .045  .045  .045 

Sulphur Trace  to  .025  Trace  to  .025  Trace  to  .025 

Manganese .180  .180  .180 

Combined  Carbon .360  .360  .360 

Graphitic  Carbon 8 .  460  3 . 4  60  3 .  460 

Kirk  Brothers  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Workington.  Brands,  "  Reedlands," 
"Marron"  and  "  Westfield." 

This  Company's  output  is  all  used  by  themselves  for  the  manufacture  of  Bar  Iron  and  Castings. 

Lonsdale  Hematite  Smelting  Company,  Ltd.,  Whitehaven.     Brand,  "  Lonsdale." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

LowTHER  HEM.A.TITE  Iron  COMPANY,  LTD.,  Workington.     Brand,  "  Lowther." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


MiLLOM  AND  Ask  AM  Hematite  Iron  Company  Ltd.,  The — Millom.  Capacity, 
250,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Durham  coke.  Ores,  Hodbarrow  and  other  Cumberland  and 
Furness  hematites.     Brands,  "Millom  Hematite"  and  "Askam  Hematite." 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  Special.  Mixed. 

2.250  2.00  1.75 

Silicon to  to  to  ....  .... 

2.750  2.50  2.25 

PTin«r.iinrtiG                                l^ss  than  Icss  than       less  than 

Phosphorus ^^^  Q25  .05 

Sulphur '^'""oss"       ^^^0^5^" 

w  less  than      less  than       less  than       less  than       less  than 

Manganese ^  ^^^  ^  ^^  ^  ^^  ^_q^  ^^^ 


112  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


CUMBERLAND    (Continued) 

Moss  Bay  Hematite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Workington.  Brand, 
"Mosbay." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

North  Western  Hematite  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Workington.  Average 
output,  78,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  hard  coke  and  Splint  coal.  Ores,  local  Cumberland 
hematite  and  best  Spanish.     Brand,  "N.  W.  Co." 

Bessemer.  No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3. 

Silicon 2.640  2,580  2.380 

Phosphorus 045  .040  .040 

Sulphur 026  .028  .088 

Manganese .490  .520  .520 

Combined  Carbon 250  .  280  .  400 

Graphitic  Carbon      3.380  3.130  2.860 

Whitehaven  Hem.a.tite  Iron  .\nd  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Cleator  Moor,  R.  S.  O. 
Brand,  "Cleator"  and  "H.  C.  M." 

Coukl  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Workington  Hematite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Workington.  Brand, 
''  Workington." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


DERBYSHIRE 

BuTTERLEY  COMPANY,  LTD.,  Alfreton.      Brand,  "  Butterley." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Clay  Cross  Company,  near  Chesterfield.     Brands,  "C  x  C"  and  "  Clay  Cross." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Davis,  E.  P.     Bennerley  Furnace.     Brand,  "  Awsworth." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Denby  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  near  Derby.     Brands,  "  Denby  Iron  Co."  and 
"D.  D.  D." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


6".  R.  Church.  113 


DERBYSHIRE   (Continued) 

Oakes,  James  and  Company — Alfreton.     Brand,  "  0  0  0  0." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Renishaw  Iron  Company,  Eckington,  Sheffield.     Brand,  "  Renishaw." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Sheepbridge    Coal    and    Iron    Company,   Ltd.,   The — Chesterfield.      Fuel,    coal 
and  coke.     Ores,  Oolitic  of  Northamptonshire  and  Lincolnshire.     Brand,  "Sheepbridge." 

Foundry. 

Silicon 3.00 

Phosphorus 1 .  45 

Sulphur 03 

Manganese    .75 

Combined  Carbon .60 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  60 

Stanton  Ironworks  Company,  Ltd.,  Stanton  Gate,  Nottingham.    Brand,  "Stanton." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Staveley  Coal  and  Iron  Comp.\ny,  Ltd.,  near  Chesterfield.     Brand,  "Staveley." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


DURHAIVl 

Bell  Brothers,  Ltd.,  Clarence  Iron  Works,  Middlesbrough.  Furnaces,  built  12, 
blowing  10.  Capacity,  320,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore,  Cleveland  ironstone. 
Brand,  "  Clarence." 

No  1.  No.  3.  No.  4         No.  4        Mottled.      White. 

Foundry.     Forge. 

Silicon   3  17  2.80  2.24  1.85  1.27  .88 

Phosphorus 1.60  1.57  154  1.56  1.51  1.57 

Sulphur 03  03  .06  10  .18  .28 

Manganese 50  .60  .52  -50  40  .38 

Combined  Carbon 30  .30  .43  .55  1.65  3.10 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.03  3.05  2.99  2.75  1.49  .10 

Carlton  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Ferryhill.     Brand,  "  Carlton." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Consett  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Blackhill,  R.  S.  O.     Brand,  "Consett." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


114 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


DURHAM   (Continued) 

Palmers  Shipbuilding  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Jarrow-on-Tyne.  Stacks,  5 
(4  in  blast  and  1  rebuilding).  Capacity,  1  Cleveland  furnace,  35,000  tons  per  year,  and  o 
hematite,  each  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Spanish,  Algerian  and  English 
Cleveland.     Brands,  "  Jarrow  "  and  "  Tyneside." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. . 


No.  1. 

^Jarrow  Cleveland 

No.  2.         No.  3.         No.  4 

No.  4 

No.  1. 

-  Tyneside 
No.  2. 

Hematite  - 
No.  3. 

No.  4. 

Foundry. 

Forge. 

3.000 

2.500 

2.250 

1.800 

1.600 

2.3(X) 

1.850 

1.500 

1.150 

1.100 

1.100 

1.100 

1.150 

1.200 

.038 

.038 

.040 

.040 

.020 

.032 

.045 

.065 

.080 

.025 

.035 

.055 

.080 

.550 

.550 

.500 

.400 

.400 

1.750 

1.600 

1.400 

1.050 

.100 

.250 

.300 

.500 

.560 

.150 

.270 

.350 

550 

3.650      3.450      3.250      2.900      2.900      3.950      3  750      3.450      3.100 


Seaton  Carew  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The — West  Hartlepool.  Capacity,  120,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Spanish  and  Algerian.  Brands,  "  Seaton  Carew  "  and 
"  Seaton  Basic." 

Ordinary.      Special. 

Silicon 2.500  2,00 

Phosphorus 045  .03 

Sulphur 025  .01 

Manganese 1 .  250  1 .  35 

Combined  Carbon   .450  .35 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  700  3 .  85 


Tees-Bridge  Iron  Company,   Ltd.,  The — Stockton-on-Tees.     Fuel,   coke.      Brand, 
"Tees-Bridge"  (Cleveland  quality.) 


This  iron  is  not  sold  by  analysis. 


Weardale   Iron  and  Coal   Company,    Ltd.,  Spennymoor.     Brands,  "Weardale," 
"  Tudhoe  "  and  "  Hematite." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Wm.  WhiTWELL  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Thornaby  Iron  Works,  Stockton-on-Tees. 
Stacks,  3.  Total  capacity,  125,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Brand,  "Thornaby 
Hematite." 


No.  1. 

Silicon 2.50 

Phosphorus .04 

Sulphur 02 

Manganese 1 .  00 

Combined  Carbon .10 

Graphitic  Carbon 4 .  00 


No.  2. 


No.  3. 


No.  4. 


2.40 

2.00 

1.50 

.04 

.04 

.04 

.03 

.05 

.10 

.90 

.80 

.65 

.15 

.30 

.60 

3.85 

3.65 

2.80 

6".  R.   Church.  ii^ 


LANCASHIRE 

Barrow  Hematite  Steel  Company,    Ltd.,  Barrow-in-Furness.      Brands,  "  B.  H.  " 
and"B.  H.  S." 

No.   1.  No.  2.  White. 

Silicon 2.942  2.750  .658 

Phosphoru-s 052  .063  ,062 

Sulphur 050  .061  .348 

Manganese .537  .492  .076 

Carbon 3.650  3.480  3.400 

Carnforth     Hematite     Iron     Company,     Ltd.,  Carnforth.      Brand,    "  Carnforth 
Hematite." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Darwen  and  Mostyn  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Darwen.     Brand,  "  Darwen  " 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Harrison,    Ainslie  and   Company,  Ltd.,  Ulverston.       Brands,  "Lorn"  (cold  blsst) 
and  "Backbarrow." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

MiLLOM    AND    A.skam    Hematite    Iron    COMPANY,    LTD.,  The — Askam    R.    S.    O. 
(Lancashire).     Brands,  "  Millom  Hematite,"  "Askam  Hematite  "  and  "M.  H.  M." 

For  further  information  see  page  1 U. 

North  Lonsdale  Iron   and    Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Ulverston.     Brands,  "Ulvers- 
ton," "U.  H.  M.,"  and  "  U.  V.  C." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

WiGAN  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Wigan.     Brands,  "K.  H.,"  "K.  H.  H."  and 
"K.  H.  S." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


LEICESTERSHIRE 

HoLWELL  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Ashford  by  Melton  Mowbray.      Brand,  "Holwell." 


it6  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


LINCOLNSHIRE. 

Appleby  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Frodingham.     Brand,  "Doncaster." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Frodingham  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  near  Doncaster.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
75,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  South  Yorkshire  coke.  Ore,  Frodingham  ironstone.  Brand, 
"Frodingham." 

Silicon .  50  to    ,  70 

Phosphorus 1.50  to  2. 50 

Sulphur 05  to    .07 

Manganese   1 .50  to  2 .  50 


North  Lincolnshire  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The— Frodingham.     Capacity,  86,000 
tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Brand,  "  N.  L.  B." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus  

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Graphitic  Carbon 


No.  3. 

No.  4. 
Forge. 

Mottled. 

White 

2.090 

1.670 

.860 

.70 

.950 

1.100 

.830 

.80 

.038 

.046 

.082 

.13 

1.360 

1.270 

1.680 

1.48 

2.200 

2.060 

1.200 

.80 

Redbourn   Hill   Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  Doncaster.     Brand,  "  Redbourn 
Allmine." 


Shakespeare,  Wm.,  Trent  Iron  Works,  Scunthorpe.    Capacity,  36,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  Yorkshire  coke.     Brand,  "  Trent." 


No.  3 
Foundry. 

Silicon 2.50 

Phosphorus 1 .  30 

Sulphur .03 

Manganese 1 .  80 

Combined  Carbon .30 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  00 


^..^^.o..._a,/,^ 


S.A.CAurcUU     pR(.p;[:,TY  (^t-     z]^      117 


MONMOUTHSHIRl 


■■".  ;V' 


ris 


^\f^ 


^aJ 


Blaenavon  Company,  Ltd.,  Blaenavon.     Brand,  "  Blaenavon  "  (cold  blast). 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Ebhw  Vale  Steel,  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Ebbw  Vale  R.  S.  O. 
Ore,  Bilbao  Rubio.     Brands,  "  Ebbw  Valee  "  and  "  Victoria." 


-Bessemer.- 


No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  .S.  No.  4 

Fonndry. 

Silicon -. .         4.00  3.35  2.75  2.25 

Phcsphorus .06  .06  .06           .06 

Sulphur 02  .05  .08           .12 

Manganese 1.25  1.00  .95           .85 

Combined  Carbon .17  .24  .35           .50 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  .50  3.37  3 .  05  3 .  00 


Patent  Bolt  and  Nut  Company,  Ltd.,  Cwmbran,  Newport.     Brand,  "  R  N.  B.  Co." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Pyle  and  Blaina  Works,  Ltd.,  Blaina.     Brand,  "  Star." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Rhymney  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Rhymney. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Tredegar  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  Tredegar,     Brand,  "Tredegar." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


ii8  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE 

BuTLiN,  Thos.  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Irthlingborough  Irou  Works,  Wellingborough. 
Capacity,  48,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coal  and  coke.  Ore,  brown  hematite  (a  hydrated 
sesquioxide).     Brand,  "Butlin." 

No.  1.  Mottled. 

Silicon 1.92  2.11 

Phosphoru.s 1.19  1.07 

Sulphur 10  .18 

Manganese .24  .08 

Graphitic  Carbon 2.85  2.10 


ISLiP  Iron  Company,  Finedon,  Wellingborough.     Brand,  "Finedon." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


ISLiP  Iron  Company,  Thrapston.     Brand,  "Islip." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Kettering  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  Kettering.     Brand,  "Kettering." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


New  Cransley  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Kettering.     Brand,  ''Cransley." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


PhippS,  Pickering  (Exrs.  of),  Northampton.     Brand,  "  Northampton. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Wellingborough  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Wellingborough.     Brand,  "  Rixons  W'boro'. " 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


S.  R.   Church.  iig 


NORTHUHBERLAND 

Armstrong,    Sir     W.    G.,    Mitchell  and  Company,   Ltd.,    Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
Brand,  "  Ridsdale  Hematite." 

Silicon 2.100  to  2.40 

Phosphorus .  035  to     .04 

Sulphur 020  to     .04 

Manganese    1 .  024 

Combined  Carbon .  170  to    .18 

Graphitic   Carbon 3 .  860 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 


Bestwood  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Bestwood,  near  Nottingham.  Capacity, 
80,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Nottingham  coal,  with  a  little  Derbyshire  and  Yorks  coke. 
Brand,  "Bestwood." 

Silicon   2 .  70 

'  Phosphorus 1 .  10 

Sulphur 04 

Manganese .40 

Combined  Carbon .15 

Graphitic   Carbon 3 .  20 


SHROPSHIRE 

Foster,  W.  O.,  Madeley.     Brand,  "  Madeley  Court." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

LiLLESHALL  COMPANY,  LTD.,  Shifnal.     Capacity,  30,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke. 
Brands,  "  Lilleshall  Lodge  "  (C.  B.)  and  "  Lilleshall  H.  B." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon. 


Madeley  Wood  Company,  near  Ironbridge.     Brand,  "  Madeley  Wood  Co." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Cold  Blast. 

Hot  Blast. 

Basic. 

.08  to  1.25 

1.50 

.45  to  1.00 

.50 

.35 

to    .60 

2.75 

.06  to     .10 

.07 

.06 

.60 

1.00 

1.50 

.70 

.60 

.10 

2.50 

2.30 

2.00 

120  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


STAFFORDSHIRE,    NORTH 

BuTTERLEY  Company,  Ltd.,  Stoke-on-Trent.     Brand,  "  W.  S.  S." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Chatterley-Whitfield   Collieries,  Ltd.,  Tunstall.       Stacks,    :^.     Total  capacity, 
900  tons  per  week.       Fuel,  coal — Cockshead  aad  Hardmine.       Brand,  "  Chatterley." 

No.  4. 

Silicon 1.350 

Phosphorus 1 .  531 

Sulphur .046 

Manganese 1 .  481 

Combined  Carbon .  695 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  153 


GoLDENDALE  Iron  COMPANY,  Tunstall  and  Stoke-on-Trent.     Brand,  "G.  D.  C." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Heath,  Robert  and  Sons,  Ltd.,  Tunstall  and  Stoke-on-Trent.     Brands,  "Heath  & 
Sons  "  and  "  R.  H.  &  S." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Midland  Coal,  Coke  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Newcastle. 

Could  not  obtain  anal} sis  of  this  iron. 


Shelton  Iron,  Steel  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  Stoice-on-Trent.     Brands,  "  Gran- 
ville "  and  "  Shelton." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Stafford  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Stoke-on-Trent.     Brand,  "  Fenton." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


5.  R.   Church.  I2i 


STAFFORDSHIRE,   SOUTH 

Bassano,  W.  and  Company,  Corngreaves,  Birmingham.     Brands,  "  Corngreav  "  (cold 
blast)  and  "  Lion." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Bradley,  T.  and  I.  and  Sons,  Darlaston.     Brand,    O    O 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Bradley,  Thos.  and  IvSAAC,  Ltd.,  Bilston.     Brand,  "Three  Brands  "  (Round  Pigs). 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Earl  of  Dudley,    The— Brierley    Hill.     Brands,    "  L  N  F  "  (cold  blast),  "  L  N  F^ 
D  U  D,"  "  L  N  F-XX  "  and  "  Coneygree." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Grazebrook,  M.  and   W.,  Netherton   Iron  Works,  Dudley.     Capacity,  ()7()()  tons  per 

year.     Fuel,  S.  Stafifs.  thick  coal,  open  hearth  coked.  Brand,  "  Grazebrook"  (cold  blast). 

No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.          No.  4.           No.  5. 

Silicon 1.48  1.27  1.16           .<S.{           .57 

Phosphorus .  4.S           .84  .44  .81            .29 

Sulphur 03           .04  .0.5  .04           .06 

Manganese .96           .80  .94  .27           .13 

Graphitic  Carbon. 3.07  3.04  3.12         3.03         2,81 


Hickman,  Alfred,  Ltd.,  Wolverhampton.     Brands,  "  B.  F.  M."  and  "  S.  V.  H." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

HiNGLEY,  N.  AND  SoNS,  LTD.,  near  Dudley.     Brand,  "  Old  Hill." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Pearson,  Joseph  H.,  Netherton  Furnaces,  East  Worcestershire.  Capacity,  22,000 
tons  per  year.  Fuel,  native  thick  coal  and  S.  Wales  coke.  Brands,  "  Netherton "  and 
"Windmill  End." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


122  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


STAFFORDSHIRE,    SOUTH    (Continued) 

Roberts,  Wm.,   Ltd.,  Tipton.     Tipton   Furnaces.     Capacity,  60,000  tons  per   year. 
Fuel,  hard  coke.     Brand,  "  Roberts  Tipton  Green." 

Silicon .75 

Phosphorus 3 .  00 

Sulphur .07 

Manganese 1 .  50 


Round  Brothers,  Tividale,  Tipton.     Brands,  " Round  Tividale"  and  "Round  Hange." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  o(  this  iron 

\ 

Russell,  John  and  Company,   Ltd.,  Walsall.     Brand,  "  B.  Mine." 


Thomas,  George  and  Richard,   Bloxwich,  near   Walsall.      Brands,   "  G.  &  R.  T. 
Special,"  "  Hatherton,"  and  "  Wall  End." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron.     ( 


Whitehouse,  H.  B.  and  Sons,  Bilston.     Brands,  "  Priorfield"  and  "  Walbrook." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Williams,  Philip  and  Sons,  Wednesbury  Oak  Works,  Tipton.     Capacity,  7500  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Brand,  "W.  O."  (cold  blast). 

Silicon 1.00 

Phosphorus .60 

Sulphur 08 

Manganese .66 

Combined  Carbon .50 

Graphitic  Carbon    2 .  50 


Willingsworth  Iron  Company,  The — Wednesbury.    Capacity,  20,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  local  coal,  S.  Wales   and  Yorkshire  coke.      Brand,  "Willingsworth." 

Silicon 2 .  10 

Phosphorus 3 .53 

Sulphur .04 

Manganese 1 .  00 

Combined   Carbon    .43 

Graphitic   Carbon 2 .  74 


^y    ■ 

Westbury  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Westbury.     Brand,  "  Westbury." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


WORCESTERSHIRE 


Cochrane    and    Company,    Dudley    Wood,    Dudley.     Brands,    "Woodside"    and 
"C.  &C." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


YORKSHIRE 

BoLCKOW,  Vaughax  and  Company,   Ltd.,  Middlesbrough.      Fuel,    coke.     Brands, 
"  B-V,"  "  S.  B.  Yorkshire,"  "  Cleveland  "  and  "  Lackenby." 

^. B-V > 

No.  1.         No.  2.         No.  3. 

Silicon 3.00  2.80  2.60 

Phosphorus .05  .05  .05 

Sulphur 03  .05  .06 

Manganese 1.00  .95  .95 

Combined  Carbon .10  .15  .20 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.00  3.30  3.25 

Brown,  John  and  Company,  Ltd..  Sheffield.     Capacity.  700  tons  per  week.     Brand, 
"Atlas." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Cargo  Fleet  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Middlesbrough.     Brand,  "  Cargo  Fleet." 

No.  3. 

Silicon 2 .  54 

Phosphorus 1.60 

'          Sulphur .02 

Manganese .66 

Combined  Carbon ,13 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  55 


124 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


YORKSHIRE    (Continued) 


CARGO   FLEET  IRON   COMPANY,    LTD. 


No.  3  CARGO  FLEET. 


vS".   R.   Church. 

YORKSHIRE    (Continued; 

Clay  Lane  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  South  Bank,  R.  S.  O.     Brand,  "Clay  Lane." 

White. 

Silicon 1 .  300 

Phosphorus 1 .530 

Sulphur .045 

Manganese .  300 

Combined  Carbon   2 .  900 

Graphitic  Carbon .100 


'^5 


WHITE  CLAY  LANE. 


126  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


YORKSHIRE    (Continued) 

Cochrane  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Middlesbrough.     Brand,  "  Ormesby." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


• 


Cooke,  William  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Sheffield.     Brand,  "  Tinsley." 

This  Company's  output  is  all  used  by  themselves  for  the  manufacture  of  bar  iron. 

Farnley  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Leeds.     Brand,  "  F.  I.  Co.,  Lim."    (cold  blast). 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


GjERS,  Mills  and  Company,  Middlesbrough.      Brands,  "  H — Ayrsome,  E,  H  "  "Ayr- 
some"  "  FS— Ayrsome— FS  "  and  "  SS— Ayrsome— SS  " 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Leeds  Steel  Works,  Ltd.,  The — Hunslet,  Leeds.     Capacity,  105,000  tons  per  year. 
Fuel,  Durham  and  Yorkshire  cokes.     Brand,  "  L.  S.  W."     (Bessemer  Basic  Pig  Iron.) 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 60 

Phosphorus 2 .  60 

Sulphur .05 

Manganese 1.75 

Combined  Carbon 2  .  85 

Graphitic  Carbon Traces 


LowMOOR  Company,  Ltd.,  Bradford.     Brand,  "  Lowmoor"   (cold  blast). 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Newton,  Chambers  and  Company,  Ltd.,  near  Sheffield.     Capacity,  26,000  tons  per 
year.      Fuel,  coal  and  coke.     Brand,  "  ThornclifFe." 

No.  1  No.  3 

Foundry.  Foundry. 

Silicon 3.10  2.59 

Phosphorus 1.08  1.02 

Sulphur 04  .04 

Manganese .52  .59 

Combined  Carbon Trace  .  33 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  54  3 .  20 


-,,,«f.U,t,V^lf,^^^,^ 


5.  x.  aur#.    PRcPCfiTY  fci  "^  '        "^ 


,  J- 


^Jf 


>  YORKSHIRE  (Contiitu^*);^^^^^^^^^  ,,,^.^^^^ 


NoRMAXBY    Ironworks    Company,   Ltd.,   Middlesbrough.      Brands,     "  Normanby " 
and  "N    H.  H." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


North    Eastern     Steel    Company,    Ltd.,    Middlesbrough.     Brands,     "  Acklaui, 
Yorkshire,"  and  ''  Acklam,  Basic." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron.  i 


Park  Gate  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Rotherham.     Brand,  "  P.  G.  Lincoln." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Samuelson,  Sir  B.  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Middlesbrough.      Brands,  "  B.  S.  Newport," 
"  B.  S.  Hematite"  and  "B.  S.  Basic." 


Could  not  obtain  analvsis  of  this  iron. 


Skinningrove  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Saltburn-by-the-Sea.     Brand,  "Skinningrove." 

No.  3. 

Silicon 2.90 

Phosphorus 1 .  50 

Sulphur .03 

Manganese   55 

Combined  Carbon .08 

Graphitic  Carbon 3  05 


128  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


YORKSHIRE    (Continued) 

Walker,   Maynard  and  Company,  Redcar.     Brand,  "  Redcar." 

No.  1.  No.  3. 

Silicon    2.33  1.45 

Phosphorus 1 .  56  1 .  67 

Sulphur .06  .07 

Manganese .71  .58 

Combined  Carbon .28  .28 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  55  3 .  45 


West  Yorkshire  Iron  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd.,  Ardsley  June,  Leeds.     Brand, 
"  Leeds." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


WiLLLA-MS,    Edward — Linthorpe    Iron    Works,    Middlesbrough.       Brands,  "  E.    W. 
Hematite  "  and  "  Linthorpe." 


Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Wilsons,  Pease  and  Company,  Middlesbrough.     Brand,  "  G.  W.  L." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


York  Road  Iron  Company,  The — Leeds.     (Cold  blast). 

This  Company's  output  is  all  used  by  themselves. 


SCOTLAND 


5".    R.    Chtirch//t^ 


s^ 


^DIESfU/f^ 


PROPLRTY  OF 


(^oy. 


131 


AYRSHIRE   >^^A/.  ^^vv; 


Baird,  Wm.  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Kilwinning.    Fuel,  raw -esal.-i.Bi^fi^"  Eglin ton.' 


No.  1. 

Silicon   3.000 

Phosphorus  .  040 

Sulphur     034 

Manganese .  936 

Combined  Carbon .  440 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  000 


Hematite  — 

, 

Foundry 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  3. 

2.38 

1.50 

2.38 

.04 

.04 

.89 

.05 

.08 

.03 

.72 

.30 

2.64 

.30 

1.25 

.48 

3.00 

2.00 

2.81 

Dalmellington  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Dalmellington  (by  Ayr).  Brand,  "  Dal- 
mellington." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 2 .  93 

Phosphorus 1 .  25 

Sulphur .03 

Manganese    1 .  22 

Combined  Carbon .63 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .80 

Glengarnock  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Glengarnock  and  Stevenston. 
Stacks,  12.  Total  capacity,  200,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  Splint  coal.  Brand,  "  Glen- 
garnock." 

No.  1.  No.  3. 

Silicon 3  25  2.50 

Phosphorus 60  .60 

Sulphur 04  .04 

Manganese 1 .  50  1 .  50 

Combined  Carbon .35  .45 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  30  2 .  80 


LANARKSHIRE 


Baird,  Wm. 


sherrie. 


No.  1. 

Silicon 2.500 

Phosphorus .040 

Sulphur 015 

Manganese .  340 

Combined  Carbon .  250 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  150 


atbridgi 

e.     Fuel, 

raw    coal. 

Brand, 

"  Gart 

, Foundry . 

^ 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

No.  1. 

No.  3. 

2.30 

1.50 

2.450 

2.000 

.04 

.04 

.750 

.750 

.04 

.08 

.015 

.035 

.30 

.30 

1.150 

1.100 

.50 

1.25 

.250 

.500 

2.95 

2.00 

3.100 

2.850 

^32 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


LANARKSHIRE   (Continued) 


WM.  BAIRD   AND   COMPANY,  LTD. 


No.  1  GARTSHERRIE. 


6'.  R.  Church.  ijj 


LANARKSHIRE  (Continued) 

CoLTNESS  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  Newmaius,  N.  B.     Brands,  "  Coltness  "  and"Colt- 
ness  Hematite." 

No.  1  Coltness. 

Silicon   3.430 

Phosphorus .984 

Sulphur 022 

Manganese 1 .  580 

Combined  Carbon .200 

Graphitic  Carbon  ... .  3.450 


Dixon,  Wm.,  Ltd.,  Coatbridge  and  Glasgow.     Brands,  "  Calder,"  "  Govan  Hematite  " 
and  "  Govan." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


DuNLop,  James  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Tolcross,  near  Glasgow.     Brand,  "Clyde." 

No.  1.  No.  3. 

Silicon 2.88  2.87 

Phosphorus 89  .92 

Sulphur 03  .03 

Manganese .62  .54 

Combined  Carbon .30  ,52 

Graphitic  Carbon    .  .  : . .         3 .  35  2 .  89 


Glasgow  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Wishaw.     Brand,  "  Wishaw." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Langloan  Ironworks,  Coatbridge.     Brand,  "  Langloan." 

Silicon 1.680 

Phosphorus .  642 

Sulphur 021 

Manganese 1 .  740 

Combined  Carbon 750 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  990 


^34 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


LANARKSHIRE    (Continued) 

Merry  and  Cuninghame,  Ltd.,  Coatbridge.     Brands,  "Carnbroe"  and  "  M.  and  C." 

Carnbroe. 

Silicon 2.93 

Phosphorus 1.12 

Sulphur 03 

Manganese 1.51 

Combined  Carbon   .76 

Graphitic  Carbon 2 .  90 


Shotts  Iron  Company,  Shotts.     Brand,  "  Shotts." 

No.  1.  No.  3. 

Silicon 2.75  2.30 

Phosphorus .90  .82 

Sulphur Trace  .03 

Manganese 1 .  00  1.10 

Combined  Carbon .25  .35 

Graphi  tic   Carbon 3 .  50  2 .  90 


SUMMERLEE     AND    MOSSEND     IrON     AND     StEEL   COMPANY,   LTD.,  ThE — Coatbridge. 
Brand,  "  Snmmerlee." 

No.  1. 

Silicon 2.850 

Phosphorus .911   • 

Sulphur Trace 

Manganese 1 .  080 

Combined  Carbon .  250 

Graphitic   Carbon 3 .  930 


STIRLINGSHIRE 

Carron  Company,  Carron,  N.  B.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Scotch   black   bank  ironstone. 
Brand,  "Carron." 


Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese 

Combined  Carbon . 
Graphitic  Carbon  . 


No.  1. 

No.  3 

No.  3 

No.  3 

No.  3 

No.  3 

Special. 

Soft. 

Foundry. 

Close. 

Hard. 

2.800 

2.275 

2.650 

2.150 

1.750 

1.570 

.880 

.907 

.902 

.907 

.905 

.905 

.035 

.045 

.038 

.055 

.050 

.060 

1.450 

1.450 

1.400 

1.311 

1.420 

1.450 

.140 

.250 

,180 

.200 

.280 

.290 

3.500 

3.370 

3.280 

3.350 

3.170 

3.160 

WALES 


^V^&  DIESEL  f^^^ 

s. /^.  Church,  (d    PRCFlBTY  Ch    ^'^  137 


CARMARTHENSHIRE 

Anthracite  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  near  Kidwelly. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


DENBIGHSHIRE 

Brymbo  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Brymbo,  Wrexham.     Brand,  "  Brymbo." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Sparrow,  J  as.  and  Son,  near   Wrexham.  Fuel,  coal.     Capacity,    17,500   tons   per 
year.     Brand,  "  Ffrwd"  (all  mine). 

Grey  Forge.  Foundry. 

Silicon 2.56  3.26 

Phosphorus 1.47  1 .  75 

Sulphur .05  Trace 

Manganese .43  .34 

Combined  Carbon Trace  Trace 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 . 02  3. 30 


FLINTSHIRE 

Darwen    and    Mostyn    Iron    Company,  Ltd.,    Mostyn.     Brands,  "  Darwen "  and 
Mostyn." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


138  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


GLAMORGANSHIRE 

Briton  Ferry  Works,  Ltd.,  Briton  Ferry.     Brand,  "  Ferry.'' 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Cefn  Ironworks,  Ltd.,  near  Bridgend.     Brand,  "Mine." 


Crawshay  Brothers,  Cyfarthfa,  Ltd.,  Merthyr  Tydfil.     Brand,  "Crawshay." 

Average  analysis. 

Silicon 2 .  80 

Phosphorus    .05 

Sulphur .05 

Carbon 3.50 


DowLAis  Iron  Company,  Dowlais.     Brands,  "  Dowlais  "  and  "  Dowlais  Cardiff." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Forest  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Treforest,  R.  S.  O.     Brand,  "  Forest." 
North's  Navigation  Collieries,  Ltd.,  Tondu,  near  Bridgend. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

PylE  and  Blaina  Works,  Ltd.,  Pyle,  near  Bridgend.     Brand,  "Star." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Swansea   Hematite   Iron   Company,    Ltd  ,    Landore,    R.  S.  O.,  Swansea.     Brand, 
"  Swansea  Hematite." 


( 


Wright,  Butler  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Taibach,  near  Port  Talbot.     Brand,  "  Cwm 
Avon." 


BELGIUM 


5.  R.  Church.  141 


Acoz,  Blast  Furnaces  of — Bouffioulx,  Hainaut.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  27,000  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  Oolitic  and  slag  from  rekiudlings. 


Silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Total  Carbon, 

.26 

1.30 

.06 

.20 

2.70 

AnglEUR,  Steel  Works  of — Tilleur,  Liege.  Stacks,  X  Total  capacity,  125,000  tons 
per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  crushed  ores  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembourg,  ores 
from  Sweden  and  Spain  and  ores  containing  manganese  from  the  East  Indies. 


Silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Combined  Carbon. 

Graphitic  Carbon 

.50 

2.10 

,05 

1.70 

2.80 

.50 

Athus,  Blast  Furnaces  of — Athus,  Province  of  Luxembourg.  Stacks,  2.     Total 

capacity,    80,000   tons   per   year.     Fuel,  coke.     Ore,  Oolitic    from    the  Grand    Duchy    of 
Luxembourg. 

silicon.                  Phosphorus.                  Sulphur.                  Manganese.            Combined  Carbon.  Graphitic  Carbon. 

.405  1.80  .27  .31  2.44  


Blast  Furnaces  of  the  Society  John  Cockerill — Seraing,  Liege.  Stacks,  5. 
Total  capacity,  172,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke  and  anthracite.  Ores  from  Spain,  Algeria, 
Greece,  Sweden,  Germany,  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembourg,  France,  Belgium  and  sundry 
refuse. 


silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur.                 Manganese. 

2.20 

.05 

.02                             1.30 
REFINED   CAST   IRON 

.30 

1.20 

.20                                .40 

CAST   iron,    BESSEMER   PROCESS. 

Combined  Carbon.        Graphitic  Carbon. 

.40  3.15 


3.00 


CouiLLET  Iron  Works,  Couillet  and  Chatelineau,  Hainaut.  Stacks,  2  each. 
Total  capacity,  87,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  crushed  ores  from  Luxembourg, 
ores  from  Campine,  clinkers  from  rolling  mills  and  manganese  ores  from  different 
countries. 


Silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Total  Carbon. 

.80 

2.00 

.10 

2.00 

3.00  to  3.50 

142  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


BELGIUM  (Continued) 

Grivegn#.E  Iron  Works,  Grivegnee,  Liege.     Stacks,  1.     Capacity,  30,000  tons  per 
year.      Fuel,  coke.     Ores,  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembourg. 

Silicon.                Phosphorus.                  Sulphur.                  Manganese.           Combined  Carbon.        Graphitic  Carbon. 
.40  1.80  .,30  3.50  


Halanry,  Blast  Furnaces  of — Halanry,  Province  of  Luxembourg.  Stacks,  2.  Total 
capacity,  45,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Oolitic  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Luxembourg. 

Silicon.  Phosphorus.  Sulphur.  Manganese.         Combined  Carbon.      Graphitic  Carbon. 

1.50  to  3.16  1,23  to  1.46  .004  to  .031  .41  to  ,62  .15  to. 40  2.55  to  3.67 


HouRPES  SUR  Sambre  Iron  Works,  Thuin,  Hainaut.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity, 
44,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  crushed  ores  from  Luxembourg  and  ores  from 
Meurthe  and  Moselle. 

Silicon.  Phosphorus.  Sulphur.  Manganese.  Total  Carbon. 

.46  to  .70  1.11  to  1.39  .40  to  ,49  .20  to  ,26  2.90  to  3.05 


La  Louviere,  Blast  Furnaces  and  Smelting  Works  of — La  Louviere,  Hainaut. 
Stacks,  L  Capacity,  25,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Oolitic  from  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Luxembourg. 

Silicon.                    Phosphorus.                     Sulphur.            Manganese.         Combined  Carbon.          Graphitic  Carbon. 
.40to.70  1.75to2,10  .40to,50  2,90to3,40  


L'EsPiiRANCE  Longdoz    Iron  Works,  Seraing,  Liege.     Stacks,  2.     Total   capacity, 
64,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


MoNCEAu  SUR  Sambre  Iron  Works,    Monceau    sur   Sambre,  Hainaut.     Stacks,    2. 

Total  capacity,  (55,000  tons  per  year.     Fuel,  coke      Ores,  clinkers  from  puddling  ovens, 
crushed  ores  from  Luxembourg  and  the  east  of  France  (Nancy). 

Silicon.                    Phosphorus.                          Sulphur.                    Manganese.  Total  Carbon. 

.40to,80            1,25  to  1,80                 ,10to.25                2.60to3.25 


S.  R.  Church.  //^  ^Co\    143 

PRCFEKIYOf    s| 


^y^^ 


BELGIUM   (Continued)\N^^/-^  ^  ^^f 

MussoN  Company,  Ltd.,  Blast  Furnaces,  Foundries  ^tOTi  Miwhs'of — Musson, 
Province  of  Luxembourg.  Capacity,  42,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ore ,  Oolitic. 
Brand,  "  S.  M." 


No.  3. 

No.  5. 

No.  7 

2.97 

2.10 

1.15 

1.42 

1.75 

1.90 

.03 

.04 

.08 

.66 

.66 

.66 

.14 

.55 

.75 

3.80 

2.84 

2.37 

Silicon 

Phosphorus 

Sulphur 

Manganese     

Combined  Carbon 
Graphitic  Carbon . 


OuGREE  Iron  Works,  Ougree,  Liege.     Stacks,  3.     Total  capacity,  74,000  tons  per 
year.     Fuel,  coke. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


Providence  Iron  Works,  March ienne-au- Pont,  Hainaut.  Stacks,  3.  Total  capacity, 
98,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  crushed  ores  from  Luxembourg,  ores  from 
Meurthe  and  Moselle,  ores  from  Campine  and  Sweden,  refuse  from  puddlings  and 
manganese  ores  from  different  districts. 


Silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Total  Carbon. 

.05 

2,50 

.06 

1.50 

3.50 

South  Chatelineau,  Blast  Furnaces  of — Chatelineau,  Hainaut.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  33,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  Oolitic  crushed  ore  from  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Luxembourg,  clinkers  from  rekindlings,  residue  of  pyrites  and  ores  from 
Sweden. 

silicon.                    Phosphorus.                          Sulphur.                     Manganese.              Combined  Carbon.         Graphitic  Carbon. 
1.40tol.50  .20to.30  .OOto.lO  2.90to3.30  


Thy  le  Chateau,  Blast  Furnaces  and  Steel  Works  of — Marcinelle,  Hainaut. 
Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  31,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores  from  Luxembourg 
and  Lorraine,  and  ores  containing  manganese  from  Caucase. 


Silicon. 

Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Combined  Carbon. 

Graphitic  Carbon 

.05 

2.20 

.05 

1.80 

3.20 

.20 

CANADA 


iS".  R.  Church,  7^7 


NOVA   SCOTIA 

BridgevillE  Furnace,  Bridgeville,  Pictou  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity,  7300  tons 
per  year.     Fuel,  coke  and  charcoal.     Ores,  iron  and  manganese. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Londonderry  Iron  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Acadia  Iron  Mines  (near  Londonderry), 
Colchester  County.  Stacks,  2.  Total  capacity,  40,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores, 
limonite,  carbonate  and  red  hematite.     Brand,  "  Siemens." 

No.  1.         No.  2.         No.  3.        No.  4. 

Silicon 3.44         3.64         3.73         3.32 

Phosphorus 49  .46         1.13  .84 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  Company,  Ltd.,  Ferrona,  Pictou  County.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
32,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  local  brown  and  red  hematite  and  Newfoundland. 
Brand,  "  Ferrona." 

No.  1  No.  2  No.  3  No.  4  No.  1  Soft    No.  2  Soft 

Foundry.         Foundry.         Foundry.         Foundry.  Basic.         Hematite.       Foundry.      Foundry. 

Silicon    2.85  2.40  2.150  2.00  ,65  1.00  3.75  3.40 

Phosphortis 1.00  1.00  1.000  1.00  1.00  .10  1.10  1.10 

Sulphur ,02  .02  .025  .04  .03  '     .04  .01  .01 

Manganese    ,60  .60  .650  .75  1.25  1,75  .60  .60 

Combined  Carbon  .15  .25  .580  ,85  .91  .80  .16  .28 

Graphitic   Carbon  3.68  3.35  3.000  2.65  3,15  3.08  3,50  3.35 
Mottled  and  white  iron  are  off  grades. 


ONTARIO 

Deseronto  Iron  Company,  LTD.,Deseronto.  Deseronto  Furnace.  Stacks,  1.  Capacity, 
12,000  tons  per  year.    Fuel,  charcoal.    Ores,  American  from  Lake  Superior  and  local  Canadian. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

Hamilton  Blast  Furnace  Company,  Ltd.,  The — Hamilton,  Wentworth  County. 
Hamilton  Furnace.  Stacks,  1  Capacity,  50,000  tons  per  year.  Fuel,  coke.  Ores,  hem- 
atite and  magnetic.     Brand,  "  Hamilton." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 


QUEBEC 

Canada  Iron  Furnace  Company,  Ltd.,  Radnor  Forges,  Cham  plain  County.  Stacks,  1. 
Capacity,  10,000  tons  per  year.    Fuel,  charcoal.    Ores,  lake  and  bog.    Brand,  "  C.  I.  F." 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron. 

McDouG.A.LL,  John  and  Company,  Drummondville,  Drummond  County.  Stacks, 
Grantham  Furnace,  1 ;  St.  Francis  Furnace,  1.  Total  capacity,  4000  tons  per  year.  Fuel, 
charcoal.     Ore,  local  limonite. 

Could  not  obtain  analysis  of  this  iron, 


14^  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


CANADA   (Continued) 

The  output  of  pig  iron  in  Canada  for  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  is  shown  by  the 
following  table: 

Tons. 

1875 4,000 

1876 4,000 

1877 13,500 

1878 16,000 

1879 16,500 

1880 23,000 

1881 18,500 

1882 21,500 

1883 32,000 

1884 29,389 

1885 25,770 

1886 26,160 

1887 39,717 

1888 22,209 

1889 24,823 

1890 • 25,697 

1891 20,153 

1892 80,294 

1893 46,948 

1894 62,522 

1895 31,692 

1896 32,052 

1897 33,254 

1898 75,922 

1899 100,706 

The  figures  for  the  last  two  years  are  for  calendar,  and  all  others  for  fiscal  years. 
There  were  in  blast  in  Canada  last  year  four  furnaces,  and  their  respective  pig  iron 
output,  compared  with  that  of  1898,  was  as  follows : 

1899.  1898. 

Tons  net.  Tons  net. 

Hamilton  Blast  Furnace  Co 51 ,580  48,253 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  Co 31,010  21,627 

Canada  Iron  Furnace  Co 6,500  6,042 

Deseronto  Iron  Co 11,616  .... 

Total 100,706  75,922 


The  Deseronto  Furnace  was  not  put  into  blast  until  January,  1899.  The  output  of  the 
Canada  Iron  Furnace  Company,  Radnor  Forges,  and  of  the  Deseronto  Iron  Company, 
Deseronto,  Out.,  is  charcoal  pig,  and  that  of  the  Hamilton  Blast  Furnace  Company,  Hamil- 
ton, Ont.,  and  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Steel  Company,  New  Glasgow,  N.  S.,  of  the  coke 
description. 


5.    R.    Church. 


PRtFC(-,TY  Cf  °  " 


^\y 


(v^-. 


DENMARK 


Under  date  of  April  28,  1900,  the  United  States 
Consulate  at   Copenhagen  writes  as  follows : 

"There  is  in  the  Baltic  Sea  an  island  of  Denmark 
called  Barkholm,  and  some  years  ago  an  iron  mine  was 
worked  there,  but  the  quantity  of  ore  was  not  large  nor 
the  quality  good,  and  the  mine  is  no  longer  worked. 
Elsewhere  in  Denmark,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  there  is 
no  iron  ore,  nor  is  iron  ore  from  other  countries  treated 
in  Denmark." 


^.  /?.  Church. 


^5^ 


FRANCE 

Annual  production  of  Pig  Iron  for  the  year  1899 : 

Fuel.  Tons. 

Coke : . . .  2,542,583 

Wood : 13,762 

Mixed.... 11,043 

Total • 2,567,388 


Silicon. 
Black  Pig  Iron  of  Garsthevrie,  2.271 
Grey  Pig  Iron,  3.265 

White  Pig  Iron,  Swedish,  0.771 

"       Westphalia,  0.476 

"       Oboukow,  1.300 


Phosphorus. 

Sulphur. 

Manganese. 

Carbon.             Carbon. 

0.842 

1.267 

2.401 

1.347             3.156 

0.459 

0.036 

0.388 

0.086             2.171 

Total  Carbon. 

0.327 

4.491 

4.749 

2.600 

0.062 

1.131 

3.267 

0.070 

0.060 

0.390 

4.480 

GERMANY 


S.   R.    Church.  755 


BLAST  FURNACES 

UPPER   SILESIA. 
Borsigwerk  near  Borsigwerk,  O.  S. 
Donnersmarckhiitte  near  Zabrze. 
Friedenshiitte  near  Friedenshiitte. 
Julienshiitte  near  Bobrek. 
Konigl.  HUtte,  Gleiwitz. 
Bethlen-Falvahiitte  near  Schwientochlowitz. 
Vereinigte  Konigs  und  Laurahiitte,  Berlin,  W. 
Hubertushiitte  near  Ober-Lagiewnik. 
Redenhiitte  near  Zaborze. 
Tamowitzerhiitte  near  Tarnowitz. 

WURTEMBERG. 
Wasseralfingen,  Kgl.  Wurtemberg  Hiittenamt. 

BAVARIA. 

Amberger  Hochofen,  Amberg. 
Maximilianshiitte,  Rosenberg  Ober-Pfalz. 

THURINGIA,    HARZ,   BRUNSWICK,    HANOVER. 


Maximilianshiitte,  Unterwellenbarn  Kr.  Saalfeld. 
Harzer  Werke  zu  Riibeland  und  Zorge,  Blankenburg. 
Rothenhutte  near  Elbingerode  a.  H. 
Mathildenhiitte,  Neustadt.  Harzburg. 
Eisenwerk  Carlshiitte,  Delligsen  near  Alfeld. 
Ilseder  Hiitte,  Gross  Ilselde. 


WESTPHALIA— LOWER   RHINE   DISTRICT. 


Georgs-Marienhiitte,  Osnabruck. 
Ablerbecker  Hiitte,  Ablerbeck. 
Carl  von  Born,  Dortmund. 
Horder  Verein,  Horde. 
Union  Act.  Ges.  Dortmund. 

' Hattingen. 

"      "      Steele. 
Eisen  &  Stahlwerk  Hoesch,  Dortmund. 
Schalker  Gruben  &  Hiittenverein,  Gelsenkirchen. 
Bochumer  Verein,  Bochum. 
Fried.  Krupp,  Essen. 
Friedr.  Wilh.  Hiitte,  Miilheim,  Ruhr. 
Gutehoffnungshiitte,  Oberhausen,  Rheinl. 
Phonix  Act.  Ges.  Kupferdreh. 

Borbeck. 

"  "        "     Laar  near  Ruhrort. 

Rheinische  Stahlwerkem  Ruhrort. 

Gewerk.schaft  Deut.scher  Kai.ser,  Bruckhau.sen,  Rheinl. 
Niederrheinische  Hiitte,  Duisburg,  Hochfeld. 
Act.  Ges.  Vulcan,  Duisburg,  Hochfeld. 
Bergischer  Gruben  u.  Htitten  Verein,  Hochdahl. 
Eschweiler-Bergwerksverein,  Eschweiler,  Pumpe. 
Act.  Verein  Johanneshiitte,  Siegen  (Siegerland). 


1^6  Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


GERMANY   (Continued) 

MIDDLE   RHINE   DISTRICT. 
Gew.  Carl  Otts,  Cologne. 

Sieg-Rhein.  Hiitten  Act.  Ges.  Friedr.  Wilhelm  Hutte. 
Gebr.  Lossen,  Concordiahiitte,  near  Bendorf. 

SIEGERLAND. 
Finnentroper  Hiitte,  Finnentrop  i.  W. 
Gabriel  Bergenthal  &  Co.,  Germaniahiitte. 
Bremerhiitte,  Geisweid. 

Birlenbacher  Hiittegewerkschaft,  Birlenbacherhiitte. 
Haardter  Hiitten  Gewerkschaft,  Berg  &  Co.  Hardt  a.  d.  Sieg. 
Geisweid er  Eisenwerk,  Geisweido. 
Act.  Ges.  Rolandsbiitte  near  Siegen. 
Hainer-Hiitte,  Siegen. 

Gewerkschaft  Marienhiitte,  Eiserfeld  near  Siegen. 
Eiserfelder  Hiittengewerkschaft,  Ei.serfeld. 
Eiserner  Hiittengewerkschaft,  Eisern. 
Act.  Ges.  Charlottenhiitte,  Niederschelden. 

Brachbacher  Hochofengew.     Schulte  Weber  &  Co.     Brachbach. 
Carl  von  Wittigstein,  Friedrichshiitte  near  Laasphe. 
Act.  Ges.  Wissener  Bergwerke  &  Hiitten,  Brilckhofe. 
Act.  Ges.  Heinrichshiitte,  Heinrichshiitte  near  An. 
Coin  Musener  Bergwerks.     Actien-Verein,  Creuzthal. 
Gosenbacher  Hiittengewerkschaft  Gosenbach. 
Gewerkschaft  der  Neu  Griinebacher  Hiitte  Griinbach. 
Gewerk.schaft  Herdorfer  Hiitte  Herdorf. 
Gewerkschaft  Seelenbergerhiitte,  Herdorf. 

DILL-LAHN    (NASSAU). 

Buderussche  Eisenwerke,  Wetzlar. 
Eisenwerke  Hirzenhain  &  LoUar,  LoUar. 


SAAR. 


Burbacherhiitte  near  Saarbrucken. 
Gebr.  Rochling,  Volklingen. 
Gebr.  Stumm,  Neunkirchen. 
Halbengerbiitte,  Brebach. 


LORRAINE. 


Lothringen  Eisenwerke,  Ars  a.  d.  Mosel. 

Society  anonyme  de  Acieres  d'Angleur  Hauts-Fourneaux  d'Audin  le  Tiche,  Deutsch  0th  de  Wendel  &  Co. 

Harjingen,  Loth. 
Dillinger  Hiittenwerke,  Dillingen  Saar. 
Riimelinger  Hiittengesellschaft,  Oettingen. 
W.  Lamarche  &  Co.  Mezi^res. 
Rombacher  Hiittenwerke,  Rombach. 
Gebr.  Stumm,  Ueckingen. 


LUXEMBURG. 


Gebr  Collart.  Steinfort. 
Hochofen  Act.  Ges.  Rodringen. 
Metz  &  Co.     Eich. 
Hiittengesellschaft,  Riimelingen. 
Eisenhtitten  Actien-Verein,  Diidelingen. 
Aacbener  Hiitten  Actien-Verein,  Esch. 


5".  R.  Church. 


GERMANY   (Continued) 

It  has  been  impossible  to  obtain  analyses  of  the  pig  iron  made  in  this  conntry  direct 
from  the  furnaces,  but  Mr.  Frank  H.  Mason,  Consul-General  at  Berlin  gives  the  following 
information  under  date  of  December  lU,  1899,  showing  analyses  of  Standard  German  grades 
of  pig  iron  furnished  bj'  Mr  F.  D.  Carney,  chemist. 


Class  of  Pig  Iron. 

Sili 

con 

Forge  Iron    

0 

.50 

Used  in  puddling  furnaces  for 
manuractiire  of  wrought    iron. 
Also  used  to  a  limited  extent  for 

mixing  with  grey  foundry  irons 
to  make  strong  castings. 

Basic  Bessemer  Iron 

1. 

25 

L'sed  for  manufacture  of  basic 
bessemer  steel. 

Acid  Bessemer  Iron 

2, 

,40 

Used  for  acid  bessemer  and 
acid  open  hearth  steel  manu- 
facture. 


Analysis  of  Typical  Irons. 

Comb. 
Phos.  Mn.        Sulphur.     Graphite.    Carbon. 


1.10 


0.42 


2.15         0.43 


0.05         1.10 


0.12 


0.05 


0.03 


0.22 


0.90 


3.20 


2.60 


2.00 


0.60 


Ores. 

(  Mixture  of 
■j  German  and 
(  Foreign  ores. 


Native  Ores. 


f  Mixture  of 
•\  Swedish  and 
(  Spanish  ores. 


Fuel. 


Foundrj-  Iron 


Used  for  iron  castings— The 
German  furnaces  try  to  make  a 
foundry  No.l  iron  that  will  make 
good  castings  by  mixing  with 
the  English  and  Luxemburg 
high  phosphorus  No.  'A  pig  iron — 
(Note  Low  Phosphorus.] 


3.00 


0.30        0.60 


0.04 


3.25 


0.50 


Mixture  of 
Spanish  and 
Native  ores. 


o 


The  German  blast  furnaces  are  mostly  small,  producing  about  150  tons  every  24  hours. 
They  are,  however,  beginning  to  build  larger  furnaces  after  the  American  plan. 


&  DIESa  ENfi 


S.R.Church.    ((l    PRCFLf.TYCF    pW 


JAPAN 

Annual  Production  of  Pig  Iron  in  Japan  for  the  j^ear  1899 


Charcoal 20,000  tons 

Coke     10,000  tons 


Total,  30,000  tons 


Name  and  Location  of  Blast  Furnaces  : 


Imperial  Steel  Works  in  Yahata  Mura,  Chikuzen. 

Tanaka  Iron  Works  in  Kamaishi,  Rikuchiu. 
Hayashi  Iron  Works  in  Mayuki,  Hiuga. 
Iron  Works  in  Nakaosaka,  Kohdzuke. 


Tanaka    Iron    Works.      Kamaishi,  Rikuchiu. 
and  hematite. 

No.  L 

Silicon .870 

Phosphorus ...  .  056 

Sulphur .008 

Manganese .  770 

Combined  Carbon 680 

Graphitic;;Carbon 2 .  460 

Fuel,  coke. 

Silicon 1 .  940 

Phosphorus  .  072 

Sulphur .033 

Mangane.se .  850 

Combined  Carbon .380 

Graphitic  Carbon 3.480 


Fuel,    charcoal.     Ores,    magnetite 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

.710 

.570 

.061 

.043 

.012 

.010 

.760 

.620 

.980 

1.880 

2.050 

1.310 

A  Government  iron  works  is  in  course  of  construction  and  will  be  completed  in  1901. 
It  is  expected  to  produce  annually  120,000  tons  of  Pig  Iron.  The  Tanaka  Iron  Works 
is  contemplating  enlarging  their  business  next  year  and  the  yearly  increase  in  the 
production  will  be  about  6000  tons.  Thus,  Japan  will  produce  annually  about  160,000 
tons  after  1901. 


S.  R.  Church. 


i6i 


MEXICO 

It  has  been  impossible  to  obtain  analyses  from  any  of  the  furnaces  in    Mexico,  but 
the  following  are  the  names  of  companies  making  Pig  Iron : 


The  Durango  Iron  Works,  Durango. 

Mexican  National  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  City  of  Mexico. 

Manuel  L.  Corcuera,  Guadalajara. 

Manuel  Aizpuru,  Guadalajara. 

La  Glise  &  Sons,  Toluca. 

Francisca  Barriga  &  Co.,  City  of  Oaxaca. 

Francisco  Quijano,  City  of  Oaxaca. 

Gustavo  Stein,  Tlaxiaco,  Oaxaca. 


RUSSIA 


S.Ji.  Church.    /7  ^  p.^  .^  '''?   >      165 


The  following  names  of  companies  making  pig  iron  have  been  furnished  by  United 
States  Consnl-General  Holloway,  at  St.  Petersburg: 


Alexandrovski  Steel  Foundry  Company,  Admiralty  Quay,  8-1. 

PuTiLOVSKi  Works,  Karavannaia,  9. 

Nevski  Mechanical  Works,  Shlisselburg  Road,  1-8. 

Verchne-Isetski  Works,  Vassili  Ostrov,  Tutcbkov  Quay,  18. 

Maltztovski  Works,  Voznesenski,  6. 

St.  Petersburg  Metallic  Works,  Poliustrovski  Quay,  19. 

DoNETZKi  Iron  and  Steel  Works,  Konnogvardeiski  Square,  11. 

W.  KoLLAN  (late  Arthur  Du-Rietz),  Vassili  Ostrov,  18  Line,  15-52. 


We  have  been  unable  to  receive  an  analysis  of  the  iron  made  by  each  furnace,  but  we 
have  received  the  general  information  that  they  use  timber,  coal,  coke  and  petroleum  for 
fuel,  that  the  principal  ores  used  in  producing  pig  iron  are  magnetic,  brown  iron,  red 
hematite,  siderite  and  clay  ironstone,  and  the  following  is  an  average  analysis  of  the  iron 
made  in  this  country  : 

Silicon .  7600  '      '    ' 

Phosphorus :  .  .  1580 

Sulphur. 0052 

Manganese .3720 

Combined  Carbon .5070 

Graphitic  Carbon 3 .  2890 


i66 


Analyses  of  Pig  Iron 


RUSSIA   (Continued) 

Production   of   Pig   Iron   in   all  of   Russia   by   Private  as  well   as 

Government  Works. 

Years  Six  Months  ot 

1895.                     1896.  1897.  1898.  1899. 

English  Tons 

SOUTH,  17  Private  Works 542,903            628,675  744,540  986.468  620,575 

URAL,  93  Private  Works 471,098            510,953  579,997  621,778  340.450 

13  Government  Works 64,907              60,688  78,035  80,150  46,013 

Total 536,005            571,641  658,032  701,928  386,463 

POLAND,  37  Private  Works 181,607            210,594  220,892  255,683  144,030 

4  Government  Works 5,180                5,308  3,867  3,443  1,764 

Total 186,787            215,902  224,759  259,076  145,794 

MOSCOW  REGION,  46  Private  Works. .     123,820            132,630  166,884  177,598  129,398 

NORTH,  9  Private  Works 689                    748  1,734  22,678  13,446 

4  Government  Works 2,173                4,019  3,073  3  305  2,402 

Total 2,862                4,767  4,807  25,983  15,848 

SOUTHWESTERN,  5  Private  Works. .         3,482                3,376  2,706  3,002  1,473 

SIBERIA,  3  Private  Works 5,526                5,526  7,975  8,687  2,407 

In  All,  212  Private  Works 1,329,125         1,492,502  1,724,728  2,075,844  1,251,679 

21  Government  Works 72,260              70,015  84,975  86,898  50,179 

"      238  Private  and  Government  Works  1,401,385          1,562,517  1,809,703  2,162,742  1,301,858 

H.  I.  M.  Private  Property  and  Finnish 

Works 25,964              24,722  24,722  23,944  12,897 

GrandTotalof  all  Works  in  the  Empire.  1,427,349         1,587,239  1,834,425  2,186,686  1,314,755 


S.  R.  Church.  167 


SPAIN 

Under   date    of  May    7,    1900,    Wm.    D.    Marvel,    of 
Madrid,  writes  as  follows: 

"Your  letter  of  the  llth  of  April  to  U.  S.  Consulate 
of  Spain  was  referred  to  me.  I  do  not  know  of  any  blast 
furnaces  within  the  district  of  Madrid.  In  the  north, 
at    Bilbao,    there    are    several  furnaces.    *         *         *         * 

"  There  is  a  new  furnace  building  on  the  east  coast 

between  Abiante  and  Barcelona,  intending  to  use  local  ores, 

and  local  coal  as  fuel,    which  they  claim  cokes  well. 
****** 

"  I  may  say  to  you  that  the  pig  iron  made  at  the  Bil- 
bao furnaces  is  of  excellent  quality  for  some  of  the  best 
work  demanded  in  these  times,  though  the  ores  in  that 
region  by  reason  of  the  enormous  demands,  are  being 
very  rapidly  exhausted,  and  the  future  of  the  region  is  a 
serious  problem." 


SWEDEN 


'^^^ 


PRCPtftiy  OF 


Q? 


<  n; 


:% 


.'/«. 


'"'^«"r;lS"0 


^^O'X'^ 


^Z 


I 


) 


S.  R.   Church. 


171 


The  following  information   has  been   furnished  by  Mess.  Joh.  Sam.   Billing  &  Son, 
Stockholm. 

Annual  production  of  Pig  Iron,  about 500,000  Tons 

exportation  "  "     75,000  to  100,000     " 

Number  of  Furnaces  in    Sweden 171 


Different  Kinds  of  Pig  Iron  Produced  in  the  Year  1898. 


For  Siemens — Martin   and    Bessemer  purposes      240,781  Tons 

"  Puddling  and  Lancashire  purposes 259,971 

' '  Spiegel  Iron  purposes   2,246 

"  Malleable  purposes 10,643 

"  Casting  "        10,309 


Total 523,950 


S.' 


PRCfllJV  Ci 


IMPORTERS 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 


San  Francisco 


Portland 


Tacoma 


Seattle 


CEMENT,  COAL,  COKE,  IRON,  BRICKS,  ETC. 


BALFOUR,    AVILIvIAlVISON    &    CO.,    Nev^  York,  Liverpool  and  London 
"WILLIAMSON,    BALFOUR    &    CO.,    Valparaiso   and    Concepcion,  Cliili 


JOHN  FINN,  President 


JOHN  FINN  METAL  WORKS 


SEATTLE 
1255    First   Avenue,    South 


SAN  FRANCISCO 
3t3-315    Howard    Street 


BABBITT    METALS 
SOLDERS    AND    GALVANIZING 

*<%-^ 

John  Finn,  Esq., 

315  Howard  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Dear  Sir: — In   response   to   your   request,    it   gives   us   mucli  gratification  to  state  that  your   "F.  P.  Metal" 

was  the    only  bearing  metal  used  in  all  the  engines  on  the  U.  S.  Battleship  "  OREGON,"  and   the  results  of  its  use  were 

most  highly  satisfactory,  not  only  upon  the  ship  while  in  our  hands,  but   we    understand   that   the  metal  has  continued  to 

give  the  same  high  satisfaction  ever  since. 

Very  truly  yours, 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

■By  J.  O'B.  GUNN,  Secretxy. 


.  '  ^- 


BPLF0DR,I}DTB1&C0.^^^ 

IMPORTERS       V^^S^^^ 
COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

San  Francisco  Portland  Tacoma  Seattle 

CEMENT,  COAL,  COKE,  IRON,  BRICKS,  ETC. 


BALFOt^R,    WILLIAMSON    &    CO.,    New-  York,  Liverpool  and  London 
\VILLIAlVISON,    BALFOUR    &    CO.,    Valparaiso   and    Concepcion,  Chili 


JOHN  FINN,  President 


JOHN  FINN  METAL  WORKS 


SEATTLE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

J255    First   Avenue,    South  313-315    Howard    Street 

BABBITT    METALS 
SOLDERS    AND    GALVANIZING 

*«%^ 

John  Finn,  Esq., 

3)5  Howard  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Dear  Sir: — In  response  to  your  request,    it  gives   us  much  gratification  to  state  that   your   "F.  P.  Metal" 

was  the   only  bearing  metal  used  in  all  the  engines  on  the  U.  S.  Battleship  "  OREGON,"  and  the  results  of  its  use  were 

most  highly  satisfactory,  not  only  upon  the  ship  while  in  our  hands,  but    we   understand   that   the  metal  has  continued  to 

give  the  same  high  satisfaction  ever  since. 

Very  truly  yours, 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

•By  /.  0-B.  GUNN,  Stcrelary. 


PIQ  IRON 


AND 


Alabama  Foundry  Coke 


ROGERS,   BROWN  &   CO. 
CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

SEYMOUR  R.    CHURCH 

...AGENT... 

307  SANSOME  STREET 
San  Francisco,  California  J* 

.  .  .   Telephone  Main  5086 


For  the  convenience  of  users  of  Pig  Iron  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  we  have  secured  the 
Agency  of  a  large  number  of  different  brands  of  Pig  Iron.  The  list  given  below  represents 
the  American  Irons  which  we  are  agents  for.  From  this  list  can  be  selected  Iron  which 
will  produce  any  kind  of  casting  that  can  be  made  any  place  in  the  world.  S-  J^  ^  This 
means  that  we  carry  the  Iron  in  stock  in  San  Francisco  and  buyers  do  not  have  to  wait  to  get 
quick  delivery.  J-  J-  J>  We.  will  take  pleasure  in  furnishing  our  customers  with  the 
analysis  of  any  of  the  Irons  in  this  list,  thus  enabling  Foundrymen  to  make  intelligent  mixtures. 


BRAND  STACKS  LOCATION 

Niagara 1     N.  Tonawanda,  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y 


YEARLY 

CAPACITY 

TONS 


Touanauda 


Oxford 

Crane 4 


1     N.  Tonawanda,  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 


] 


Henry  Clay 

Toptoii   ■■ 

Bellefoute 

Nlttany 

Charlotte  ■ 

Puiixy 

Macuiigie 


2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Dunbar 2 

Bristol 1 

Ueui 1 

Victoria 1 

Boone  1 

Watts 2 

Carnegie 1 

Gmbreville  .     ■     1 

Napier 1 

Manuie  2 

Greensboro 
Cherokee  . . . 

Rome 

Tdlladega    . 
Trussville  .. . 
Williamson  . . 


ORES   USED  FUEL 

Hematite     and     Specular     from     Lake 

Superior Coke 

Hematite    and     Specular     from     Lake 

Superior Coke 

Oxford,  Warren  Co.,  N.  J Local  magnetic Anthracite  coal 

Catasauqua,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa Lake   Superior,  Port  Henry  and   Cha- 

taguay Anth.  coal  &  coke 

Reading,  Berks  Co.,  Pa Very  rich  fossil Anth.  coal  &  coke 

Topton,  Berks  Co.,  Pa Lake  Superior Anth.  coal  &  coke 

Bellefonte.  Centre  Co  ,  Pa Native  hematite Coke 45,000 

Bellefoute,  Centre  Co  ,  Pa Lake  Superior  and  native  brown .. ; Coke 40,000 

Scottdale   Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa.     Lake  Superior Coke 70  000 

Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  Co.,  Pa.  .  .  Lake  Superior,  hematite  and  Specular.  .Coke 85,000 

Macungie,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. ,.  !* Native  hematite Anth.  coal  &  coke     20,000 

Dunbar,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa Native,   Lake   Superior    Bessemer  and 

Specular Coke 100,000 

Bristol,  Va.-Tenn Brown  hematite  and  fossil Coke 45,000 


1«5,000 

30,000 

185,000 
36,000 
30,000 


36,000 
50,000 
30,000 
75,000 
5,000 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

I'ioneer 2 

Vanderbilt  . 

A.ttalla 

Jefferson  .    . 

River  

Belfont 

{Inchor 

(lilobe 

Star  

IWellsfon 

Hecla 

Madison 

Olive 

Vesuvin.s 

Iroquois  ■  ■  ■  ■ 

Hlnlile 

Salisbury  •  •  • 


Shenandoah,  Page  Co.,  Va Local  brown  hematite Coke 

Goshen,  Rockbridge  Co.,  Va Native  brown  (limonites) Coke 

Paducah,  McCracken  Co.,  Ky Local  brown  hematite Coke 

Middlesborough,  Bell  Co.    Ky Fossil  and  hematites Coke 

Johnson  City, Washington  Co. ,Tenn.  Cranberry Coke 

Embreville,  Washington  Co. ,Tenn     Local  brown  hematite Coke 45,000 

Napier,  Lewis  Co.,  Tenn Local  brown  hematite Coke 30,000 

Mannie,  Wayne  Co.,  Tenn Local  brown  hematite Charcoal 36,000 

Greensbora,  Guilford  Co. ,  N.  C Local  magnetic  and  limonite Coke 35,000 

Cedartown,  Polk  Co.,  Ga Red  and  brown  hematite Charcoal  &  coke .  .  27  ,000 

Rome,  Floyd  Co.,  Ga Local  brown  hematite Charcoal 1 5,000 

Talladega,  Talladega  Co. ,  Ala Local  brown  hematite Coke 40,000 

Trussville,  Jefferson  Co.,  Ala Red  and  brown  hematite Coke 30,000 

Birmingham,  Jefferson  Co.   Ala   ...  Red  and  brown  hematite Coke 18,000 

Thomas,  Jefferson  Co.,  Ala Red  and  brown  hematite   Coke »5,000 

Birmingham,  Jefferson  Co.,  Ala   . . .  Red  fossil  and  brown  hematite Coke   36,000 

Attalla,  Etowah  Co.,  Ala Red  and  brown  hematite Charcoal 18,000 

Jefferson,  Marion  Co  ,  Tex Local  brown,  fossiliferous  and  carbonate .  Charcoal 1 3 ,500 

Cleveland,  Cuyahoga  Co.,  O Lake  Superior Coke 72,000 

Ironton,  Lawrence  Co.,  O Lake  Superior  and  native Coke 50,000 

Oak  Hill,  Jackson  Co.,  O   Native    Charcoal 5,000 

Jackson,  Jackson  Co., O Native Coke  &  coal 7,500 

Jackson,  Jackson  Co.,0 Native Coke 18,000 

Wellston,  Jackson  Co.,  O Local  and  Lake  Superior Coke   60,000 

Hecla  P.  O.,  Lawrence  Co.,  O   L.  S.  and  Hanging  Rocklimestone Charcoal  and  coke  0,000 

Rempel,  Jackson  Co.,  O Lake  Superior Coke 5,000 

Olive  P.  O.,  Lawrence  Co.,  O Native  limestone Charcoal 5,000 

Pedro,  Lawrence  Co.,  O Native  limestone Charcoal 3,000 

Chicago,  Cook  Co.,  Ill Lake  Superior Coke 80,000 

"■■••••  45,000 


Ashland,  Ashland  Co.,  Wis. 
Chatham,  Columbia  Co  ,  N.  Y. 


Carbonate 1    Chapinville,  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn 


Total 55 


.  Gogebic    Charcoal  , 

.Roasted  carbonate  from  Amenia,  New 
York,   and    Kelley,  Amenia,  and 

Shaker  hematites Charcoal 

.Roasted  carbonate  from  Amenia,  New 
York,  and  Kelley,  Amenia,  and 
Shaker  hematites Charcoal 


5,000 


4,500 


Total 1,844,500 

r^.^y^r^Um      C^>-w..rf«^//<-.  (the  kind  that  do  not  melt)  always  on  hand 
rTGSn     ^nO  WDHUS  Also  all  other  brands  of  English  PIre  Brick 


FOR   SALE    BY   S.    R.    CHURCH 


A   complete   stock    of  Gaatte/s  Crucibles  stored  in 
San  Francisco  ready  for  immediate  deliJ^ery 


J\  few  Tacts 

Kegiirding 

3.  f).  eautier  S(  Co. 

Mr.  Dudley  S.  Gregory 
and  associates  about  1847 
established  in  Jersey  City 
the  Adirondack  Steel 
Company.  At  that  time 
Joseph  Dixon  came  to 
Jer.sey  City  and  said  he 
could  make  black  lead 
crucibles  for  steel  melt- 
ing. Mr.  Gregory  sug- 
gested to  his  son-in-law, 
Dr.  J.  H.  Gautier,  that  he 
gointothebusit  ess.  This 
led  to  the  establishing 
of  J.  Dixon  &  Co., 
Jersey  City,  and  J.  H. 
Gautier  remained  actively 
at  the  head  of  the  busi- 
ness until  1857  when  he 
erected  the  works  which 
have  ever  since  been  oc- 
cupied by  J.  H.  Gautier 
&  Co.,  Dr.  Gautier  re- 
maining as  its  head  until 
his  death  in  1895.  Mr. 
C.  E.  Gregory,  the  Presi- 
dent of  J.  H.  Gautier  & 
Co.,  has  been  connected 
with  the  business  since  its 
commencement  March, 
1858,  and  Mr.  David  R. 
Daly,  the  Vice-President 
and  General  Manager, 
since  1884. 


PLUMBAGO 

CRUCIBLES   FOR    MELTING 

BRASS 

STEEL 

GOLD 

SILVER 

AND  OTHER  METALS 

PLUMBAGO  RETORTS, 

DIPPERS,  STIRRERS,  Etc,  Etc, 

PLUMBAGO  PRODUCTS 

FINELY  POWDERED  PURE  CEYLON 

PLUMBAGO  FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES 

jf.       Jf,      Jf^       Jf.       .T*       -^       •T-       -T*       ■T' 

J,  K  GAUTIER  &  CO. 

JERSEY  CITY,  NEW  JERSEY 


S.   R. 

CHURCH 

AGENT    FOR 

THE    PACIFIC    COAST 

307 

SANSOME  STREET 

SAN 

RRANCISCO, 

CAL. 

ESTABLISHED    1849 


ACONDRAY  &  CO. 


IMPORTING 


MACONDRAY  &  CO. 

MANILA 


Shipping  and  Commission  Merchants 


116  CALIFORNIA   STREET 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


MACONDRAY  &  CO. 

Nos.  9  and  11  Fenchurch  Ave. 

LONDON 


ESTABLISHED   1850                                                                                                                                               'PHONE    MAIN    429 

BLANCO  &  BRUN 

PROPRIETORS 

Poocle  Dog  Pe-staurant 

CORNER    EDDY    AND    MASON    ST5. 
SAN    FRANCISCO.    CAL. 

HENRY  LUND  &  CO. 

Tmportm 

Sbipping  and  C^ommi$$ion 

merchants 

A(;ENTS    I'OK  KOV.\L 

RELIANCE  MARINE  INS.  CO..  Lid.      SWEDISH  AND  NORWEGIAN 

OF    LIVEKPOOI.  CONSULATE 


214  CALIFORNIA  STREET 
SAN     FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Represented  by 
W.  C.  KrRSCHSTEiN,  No.  28  Chapel  Street,  Livt-rpoul 


Wales  h.  Palmer,  John  W.  Brown  Wm.  E.  Palmer 

President  Superintendent  Secretary 

GOLDEN  STATE  AND  MINERS' 
IRON  WORKS 

BUILDERS  of  Mining,  Milling  and  Dredging 
Machinery;  Harding  Gas,  Gasoline  and  Coal 
Oil  Engines;  Machinery  of  Every  Description 

231  to  251  first  street 
• San  Francisco,  cal. 


I.oriS  DeROME.  Manager 


Telephone   Main   1271 


GLOBE  BRASS  #  BELL  FOUNDRY 


Manufiicturers  of 


BRONZE  STATUARY,  CEMETERY  WORK 

AND   ART  WORK     of  every  description  «« 


Aluminum,  Manganese  and  Phosphor  Bronze, 
Copper,  Gun  Metal,  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc 
AND  Babbitt  Metat,. 


CASTINGS 


126-128  Main  Street 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Palace  HoteJ  Cigar 

STQIICI  L.  SISENVINE 


•  •  •  lm|3orrer  of  •  •  • 
Hcivcnici  Cigars,  CIgcirettes 
Etc., •  •  •  Cholcesr  Brcincb 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


i;^^^^^ii;^« 


7.--, 


T.  P.  KELLY  &  CO. 


-544  WI3T  22ll(;l  ST.,  NEW  VORK- 


Ceylon  Plumbago  ^  ^ 
Graphite,  Black  Lead 
Foundry  Facings  and 
Blackings  .^  ^  .^  ^  ,^ 


SEA  COAL 


Our  :seci  Cocil  Lcicinci-s  arc.  groiiiul  from  \\\v   ino^t  cdrefulli)  selcckd 
cincl  purest  cle|)o.sif^  of  Au^trcilkin  Coeil 


Acjent  for  me,         C    I)    /^Ml    I  0/^1—1     -^07  5ai\some  Street 
Pacmc  CocLst         J.  Ia.  V^MLJllV^ri,  Son  rranrisco,  CaL 


H.  T  SCOTT,  President  and  Treasurer 
IRVINO  M.  SCOTT,  Vice-Presiilenl  and 

(ieneral  Manager 


J.  O.'B.  GUXX.  Secretary 
G.  W.  DICKIK,  Manager 


ROHKRT  FORSYTH    Kugineering  Chief 
WILLIS  G.  DODD,  Mining  Engineer 


UNION  IRON  W0PK5 

MINING 

MILLING  AND  SMCLTING 

MACHINLRY 

1:1  l:CTI?ICAL    MACIIINIiRY   OT    EVEI^^Y    DESCRIPTION 

Steamship  Builders 

DRY  DOCK 


OFFieE,   222   M/cRKET  ST. 

WORKS    AT    POTRERO 


S/cN    f RANSISeO,   CAblfORIMIA 


THE  U.  S.  BATTLESHIP 
"OREGON" 

Steamed  4,726   miles   without   slopping   for   coal. 

Steamed  2,844  knots  at  the  uniform  rate  of  13 
knots  an  hour. 

Weathered  Cape  Horn  in  the  biggest  gale  the 
officers  of  the  ship  ever  experienced. 

Distance  covered  from  Puget  Sound  to  Sand  Key, 
Florida,  18,102  statute  miles. 

Left  Puget  Sound  March  6,  1898,  and  arrived  at 
Sand  Key,  Florida,  May  26,  1H98,  or  cover- 
ing the  above  distance  of  18.102  miles  in  59 
days. 


Navy  Department, 

Washington,  July  21, 1898. 
Mr.  Henry  T.  Scott, 

President  of  the  Union  Iron  Works, 
San  Francisco,  Calif 
Sir: 

It  becomes  my  pleasant  duty  to  extend  to  the  ship- 
building firm  of  which  you  are  President,  the  congratula- 
tions of  the  Navy  Department  upon  the  admirable  qualities 
which  have  been  displayed  by  the  United  States  Battleship 
"  Oregon  ".  Without  going  into  details,  with  which,  it  may 
be  safely  assumed,  you  are  as  well  acquainted  as  the  Depart- 
ment, it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the  performance  of  this 
vessel  in  making,  under  circumstances  of  grave  exigence, 
the  voyage  from  San  Francisco,  California,  to  Key  West, 
Florida,  without  delay  or  accident  of  any  kind,  is  of  itself 
highly  creditable  to  her  builders;  but  the  fact  that  after 
having  successfully  accomplished  such  a  voyage  the  vessel 
was  tbund  to  be  ready  at  once,  without  repairs  or  attention, 
to  enter  into  the  activities  of  an  important  naval  campaign, 
renders  her  achievement  most  memorable,  as  one  which 
challenges  the  admiration  of  naval  experts  throughout  the 
world  and  becomes  a  subject  of  especial  gratitude  and  pride 
on  the  part  of  our  own  people.  The  "  Oregon  "  is,  in  all  of 
her  comi)licated  parts,  of  American  design,  materials  and 
workmanship,  and  she  has  shown  herself  to  possess  the 
highest  qualities  sought  to  be  attained  in  a  great  battle- 
ship—a wide  practical  radius  of  efficient  action  and  splen- 
did fightingy  capabilities.  Since  these  results  are  not 
achieved  by  accident,  but  reveal  high  technical  ability  as 
well  as  thoroughness  and  honest  fidelity  in  the  countless 
details  of  construction,  I  have  considered  it  proper  to  ad- 
dress to  you  this  expression  of  the  appreciation  of  the 
Department  of  the  manner  in  which  you  fulfilled  your 
contract  iu  building  the  United  States  Battleship  "Cz-r^tfrt". 
Very  respectfully, 
(Signed)  John  D.  I^ong, 

Secretary. 


...THE  FOUNDRY... 


COSTS  ONE 
($)  DOLLAR 
. .A  YEAR. . 
WORTH  TEN 


IT    COULD    NOT 
..BE  CHEAPER.. 


IN  THES.E  D.AYS 
OF  COMPETITION, 
ONLY  THE  INTELLI- 
GENT, WELL-IN- 
FORMED FOUNDRY- 
MAN  CAN  SUCCEED 


KEEP  POSTED 
BY  READING  THE 
FOUNDRY 


Silver  Certificates, 
Currency,  postal 
NOTES,  Checks,  N.  Y. 

DRAFTS     or     POSTAGE 
STAMPS  GO  ! 


COSTS  ONE 
WORTH  TEN 


Here's  our  story- 
boiled  down : 

It  is  the  only  Foundry  Paper  in  \he  World. 

It  goes  to  more  Foundries  and  has  more  Foundry 
readers  than  all  others  combined. 

It  contains  regularly  a  large  amount  of  original 
matter  concerning  the  Foundry  Business  and  nothing 
else. 

All  the  best  writers  contribute  to  it. 

No  man  interested  in  the  Foundry  Business  can 
read  it  for  a  year  without  getting  hundreds  of  dollars 
worth  of  information. 

It  is  nicely  printed  on  good  paper  and  the  illustra- 
tions are  the  best. 

No  pains  or  expense  are  spared  to  make  it  one  of 
the  handsomest  and  best  trade  journals  on  earth. 

Its  advertising  pages  alone  are  of  great  value  to 
the  foundryman  who  desires  to  keep  himself  up  to  date. 

Subscribe  now  ;  you  will  be  pleased  with  it,  and 
look  eagerly  for  its  coming  each  month. 


THE  FOUNDRY  PUBLISHING  CO. 

DETROIT,  MICHIGAN,  L.  S.  A. 


^nglish  pig  Iron 


IN  BOND  OR 


DUTY  PAID 


No.  t   BARROW 

No.  J  THORNCLIFFE 
No.  3  CARGO  FLEET 
WHITE  CLAY  LANE 


8cotch  pig  Iron 

IN  BOND  OR  DUTY  PAID 


No.  i  SHOTTS 

No.  I  CARRON 


No.  I  GARTSHERRIE 
No,  I  GLENGARNOCK 


'\^{u}im 


FOUNDRY  COKE  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS 

»1»    tit    Hh 

•T*  ^  •T-  J 

Rogers,  3rown  &  Co* 

Have   stored   in   San   Francisco  a   greater  variety   of  Pig   Irons 

than  can  be  found  in  any  other  city 

in  the  world. 


ENGLISH    FIRE   BRICK 


SQUARE  OR 
COMMON  SIZE 


CLOSER  OR 
SOAP  OR 
CROWN 


SIDE  WEDGE  OR  ARCH 


SPLIT 


END  WEDGE 


KEY  OR 
BULLHEAD 


SPLIT 


SPLIT 


2;4"'3 


Fresh     Snowballs    Always  on  hand— The  kind  that  do  not  melt 


S.    R.  CHURCH,   307   SANSOME   ST.,   S.  F. 


ENGLISH    FIRE   BRICK 


JAMB  OR 
ROUND  END 


-fy^ 


CVJPOL.<\ 


THIN  BEVEL  EDGE 


THICK  BEVEL  EDGE 


7  IN. BEVEL  END 


Uses  of   Fire   Bricks  of   Different   Patterns 

Side  Wedges  or  Side  Arches  are  used  for  small  arches  4}4  inches  thick. 
End  Wedges  or  End  Arches  are  for  large  arches  9  inches  thick. 
Bull  Heads  are  used  for  lining  circular  furnaces,  and  are  laid  horizontall}'. 
Splits  and  Closers  are  used  for  making  joints,  and  save  labor  in  cutting  squares 
Bevel  Sides  and  Bevel  Ends  are  for  spring  arches. 
Cupola  Bricks  are  used  for  lining  cupola  furnaces. 

Tiles  are  used  for  large  bake  ovens,  covering  flues,  etc.,  in  connection  with  cement 
works  or  boiler  seating. 

Fresh     Snowballs   Always  on  hand— The  kind  that  do  not  melt 


S.   R.   CHURCH,   307   SANSOME   ST.,   S.   F. 


ENGLISH    FIRE  CLAY 


-'~S».R.  CHURCH,  307  SANSOME  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


AGENT   FOR 


T.  CARR    FIRE   CLAY 

Genuine  English  Fire  Brick  Dust 

It  requires  from  500  to  700  pounds  of  ground  Fire  Clay  to  lay  1000  Bricks. 
Fire  Brick  Dust  is  generally  mixed  with  Fire  Clay  in  laying  Bricks. 


We  have  always  on  hand  the  following  well-known 

COWEN,  MADE  IN  ENGLAND 

T.  CARR,  MADE  IN   ENGLAND 
M.  T.,  MADE  IN   ENGLAND 

SNOWBALL,  MADE  IN  ENGLAND 

BROWN    PAISLEY,  made  in   SCOTLAND 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  English  and  Scotch  Fire  Bricks  will  last  longer  and  stand  more 

heat  than  any  other  Fire  Bricks  made. 


JERSEY    FIRE    CEAY 


FRESH  SNOWBALLS  Always  on  hand— The  kind  that  do  not  melt 


ENGLISH    FIRE   TILES 


Fresh     Snowballs    Always  on  hand— The  kind  that  do  not  melt 


S.    R.   CHURCH,    307   SANSOME   ST.,    S.    F. 


English  Fire  Tiles 


S.  R.   CHURCH,    307   SANSOME   ST.,  S.  F. 


Agent  for  the  Pacific  Coast  for 
the  famous  World- Renowned.... 


T.  Carr  Fire  Tiles 


The  following  are  the  sizes  which  we  carrj-  in  stock 


PLAIN 


8  inches  x  8  inches  x  2  inches 


10 
12 
12 
12 
14 
14 
15 
16 
16 
18 
18 
20 


X  10 
X  6 
X  12 

20 

6 

14 

15 

6 

16 

6 

18 

12 


X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 

X  2 


24  inches  x  12  inches  x  2  inches 

24 

28 

28 

20 

24 

24 

24 

28 

30 

32 

36 

36 


X  14   ' 

'   X  2   " 

•'   X  14   ' 

'   X  2   " 

X  12   ' 

'   X  2   " 

X  15   ' 

•   X  3   " 

"   X  12   ' 

'   X  3   " 

X  14   ' 

'   X  3   " 

"   X  15   ' 

'   X  3   " 

"   X  12   ' 

'   X  3   •' 

X  15   ' 

'   X  3   " 

"   X  15   ' 

'   X  3   " 

"   X  15   ' 

'   X  3   " 

"   X  20   ' 

'   X  3   " 

FLANGED 

20  inches  x  12  inches  x  3  inches 


24  "  X  12 

24  "  X  15 

28  "  X  12 

28  "  X  15 

30  "  X  15 

36  "  X  15 

20  "  X  15 


LUMPS  or  BLOCKS 

20  inches  x  6  inches  x  6  inches 
18       "       x  6       "       X  5       " 
15       "       X  6       "       X  5 


"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

3   " 

"    X 

4   " 

Any  sizes  of  Tiles  not  mentioned  in  the  above  list  can  be  made  to  order. 


Fresh    Snowballs     Always  on  hand— The  kind  that  do  not  melt 


ROGERS,  BROWN  &  COMPANY,  Pig  Iron  and  Coke 
S.  ^.  CHURCH,  Agent  «  «  «  «   307  Sansome  Street   «  «  «  «   San  Francisco,  Cal. 


HENRY  CLAY  PIG  IRON 


HKNKY  Ct.AY 


ROGERS,  BROWN 
&  COMPANY 

have  stored  in  San  Francisco 
Pig  Iron  for  castings  of  every 
description,  comprising  American 
Cliarcoal,  Anthracite  and  Coke 
Pig  Iron,  Bessemer,  Basic,  Mal= 
leable,  Carwheel,  Special  and 
Ordinary  Foundry  and  Mill. 


HENRY  CLAY  PIQ  IRON 

carries  scrap  in  large 
proportions ;  makes  the 
melted  iron  very  fluid ; 
reduces  shrinkage  to  a 
minimum 

TRY  IT  AND  BE  CONVINCED 


FOREIGN  PIG  IRON  IN  BOND  OR  DUTY  PAID 

Also  leading  brands  of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky  and  Alabama 

Foundry  and  Furnace  COKE 


D)O(fo0)o{QD)c 


(JOV) 


0)0(0  Wrf5)5<5 

9ora^l»o>o(p 


9oMWf^9o(0 

^owwf  5)o<p 

6-S^   -T 


NEW  YORK     LONDON      LIMA     CALLAO     VALPARAISO     SANTIAGO     CONCEPCION 


W.  R.  GRACE  &  CO. 


234  California  Street 


San  Francisco 


IMPORTERS 

OF  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

LEADING   BRANDS 

"JOSSON"      "HACCOURT"      "FEDERAL" 

AND 

GERMAN  SYNDICATE   COKE 


Up-to-date 
Equipment  is 
Necessary  for 
Up-to-date 
Printing 

We 

are 

Up-to-date 


We 

Publish  Books 
for  Authors. 
Our 

Experience 
Saves  You 
Time  and 
Trouble 


Cbe  likks^udd  Companv 

Printers 

Publishers 

Bookbinders 


23  Tirst  Street 


San  Trandsco 

California 


The 

Printing 

and  Stationery 

of  a  house 

betrays 

its 

Character 

and  Taste 


Why  employ 
Cheap  and 
Inferior 

Agencies  when 
Cheap  and 
Superior  can 
be  had  at  about 
the  same  price? 


Expotiers  of 


^^'-    WHEAT,  BARLEY,  RYE,  ETC 
^m'^^l'J^    CANNED  SALMON  AND  FRUITS 

Importers  of 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

TeUTONIA  Brand  (German)     Castle  Brand  (Belgium) 
Hilton's  Brand  (English) 


QIRVIN  ^  EVPE 

.  .  .  OFKICES  .  .  . 

:W7  CALiroiJNIA  STREET,  SAN    PRANCI:SC(),  CAL. 

CHAMI5EIJ  or  co"i"ii!:tx:c  blixj.,  ix)r tland,  or. 


PELTON  MAIN  FOUNDRY  COKE 
ENGLISH  PIG  IRON,  FIRE  BRICK 
COAL,  COKE  AND  TIN  PLATES 
CALCUTTA  GRAIN  BAGS  •  •  •  • 


SAN  f  RANCISCQ 
5TOVEWOPK5 


A.   BAIN 

C.   \V.   HANSEN 


BANCfforr 

LIBRARY 


HANSEN  &  BAIN,  Proprietors 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 


Stoves,  Ranges,  Etc,  Etc. 


TELEPHONE  MAIN  964 


Small  Castings 


622,  624  and  626  Third  Street 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


^IMI:  WORK  OUR  SPECIALTY 


Joshua  Hendy  Machine  Works 

PRINCIPAL    OFFICE 

Nos.  38  to  44  FREMONT  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  U.  S.  A. 

IRON     FOUNDERS,    MACHINISTS,     ENGINEERS 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Hydraulic  and  Quartz  Mining  and  Milling  Machinery 

COMPRISING 

HYDRAULIC  GIANTS,  CONCENTRATORS, 

WATER  GATES,  SMELTERS, 

SHEET  IRON  and  HOISTING  and 

STEEL  PIPE,  PUMPING  PLANTS, 

STAMP  MILLS,  SAW  MILLS, 

ORE  CRUSHERS,  MINE  and  MILL 

ORE  FEEDERS,  SUPPLIES,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Catalog;ues  and  Prices  Furnished  Upon  Application 

ARCHITECTURAL   IRON   WORK 


TELEPHONE    NUMBER    BLACK     1505 

WESTERN  FOUNDRY 

MORTON  &  BEDLEV,  Proprietors 

234  FREMONT  STREET 

Between    Howard    and    Folsom 

SAN   FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

CASTINGS    OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION    MADE    TO    ORDER 

James  K.  Wilson,  Pres. 
Wm.  p.  Johnson,  Vice-Pres. 

L.  I.  CowGiLL,  Cashier 

F.  \V.  Wolfe,  Asst.  Cashier 

«•« 

DIRECTORS 

James  K.  Wilson.  President 

Wm.  p.  Johnson 

VicePres.  Willamette  Pulp  & 

Paper  Co. 

Wm.  J.  DUTTON 

Pres.  Firemans  Fund  Ins.  Co. 
Henrv  Pierce 

Capitalist 

Geo.  a.  Pope 

Of  Pope  &  Talbot.  Lumber 

Dealers 

H.  K.  HONTINGTOS 

Second  Vice-Pres.  S.  P.  R.  R. 

C.  S.  Benedict 

Capitalist 

On  San  f  rancisco  national  Bank 

OF  THE  CITY  OF  SAN   FRANCISCO 

Htctivea  Jlccounta  of  Banks,  Bankers,  Wercbants, 
Corporations,  firms  and  Individuals,  and  offers  every 
Jlccommodation    Consistent   with  Prudent  Banking 

SOUTHEAST   CORNER  OF  PINE  AND  SANSOME  STREETS 

H.  n.  NEWHALL  h  CO. 

GENERc4L  SHIPPING  AiNJ) 
COMMISSION  SMERCHANTS 


309  SANSOME  STREET 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


IMPORTERS  OF  METALS  OF  c4LL  KINDS 


THE    HASLETT    WAREHOUSE    CO. 

206    CALIFORNIA    ST.,    SAN    FRANCISCO 

Warehousemen  and     i-orwapding  agents  and 
Public  Weighers ''^  ^ 


PACKERS  or  DPIED  mUlT 


DnDDDDDDODDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDnDDDanDDDDD  First-class  Warehouses  adjacent  to  Ship,  Steamer  and 

gngggagganaanacinnncDDnnciDnDnDDnDnDnDc  Rail.      General   Storage  —  Bonded  and   Free.     Propri- 

nDDnnDaBa^^^a^^^DnnDDDDDD  ^^"''^    Manufacturing    Bonded    Warehouse   No.    1,    for 

DDonnDaDaDnDnDDnDncnnnDDnaDDDDaDaDnnD  Blending-  and  Bottline-  Liauors  for  Exoort    j*  Jt  .it  ■* 


S.  L  JONES  &  CO. 

205,  207,  209   California  St. 
San  Francisco,    Cal, 


IRON 

AND 

IRON    PRODUCTS 

FOR  ORIENTAL  EXPORT  AND  IMPORT 

PIG   TIN 


CORRESPONDENCE   SOLICITED 


BROILERS 


/^ANLlpACTURER?  Of 


>»5TEAM  TABLES. 

BAKERS  AND 
.CONFECTIONERS 
UTENSILS. 


FRENCH  RANGES 


814-815  Kearny  Street. 


PHONE    MAIN    1106 
PROPI^IETOI^S  JACKSON    FOUNDRY 


ENGINEERS  AND 
DEALERS 

motive  Power  machinery 

OF  THE  HIGHEST  GRADE 


Babcock  $f  (Uilcox  Co. 

Stationary  and  Marine 

Water  Tube 

Boilers 

Rome  Office,  new  Vorl< 


Chas.  C.  Moore 

Manager  Pacific  Coast  Branch 


Modern  Steam  Specialties 

Main  Office,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  32  First  St. 

BRANCH    OFFICES    IN 
PRINCIPAL    CITIES    ON     PACIFIC    COAST    AND     HAWAIIAN     ISLANDS 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  l^ull 
laformaflon 


OLTON  &  STRONG 


JL^     Engravers  of  High-Chss  PRINTING 

PLATES,    HALF    TONES,    ZINC 

ETCHINGS,  COLOR  PLATES,  Etc.  *  *  * 


Wainwright  <£   Easton 

Also  Successors  to  renton  coal  CO. 
SAN    FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


4) 


MOULDING  SAND 
PIG  IRON 


CHARCOAL  AND 
COKE 


510,   512   and   514    Montgomery    Street 


Telephone  SWain  5308 


SAN  FRANCISCO.  CAL. 


WHOLESALE  AND    RETAIL 

131  AND  133  FoLSOM  Street 

TELEPHONE  MAIN  383  PUBLIC  WEIGHERS 


Abner  Qoble  Company 

IMPORTER  OF  AND  MANUFACTURER  IN 

IRON,  STEEL  AND  METALS 

ElectricalandMechanical  Engineering  andContracting 

office  and  works 
s.  w.  cor.  fremont  and  howard  sts. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


TK.  Anderson 
L.  T.  lirower 
w.  Leishman 


nechciRics' 
rOLIRCllV.... 


Manufacturers  of...    CA^IINijo   Of  A"  Pescriptii 


WILSON,  MEYER  &  CO. 

Liverpool,  England 


MEYER,  WILSON   &  CO. 

Portland,  Or. 


MEYER,  WILSON  &  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

SHIPPING    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 

importers  and  exporters 

best  brands  of  portland  cement 

germania,  hemmoor,  mannheimer 

heidelberg,  karlstadt,  stettiner,  etc. 

...PIG     IRON,    COKE,     ETC... 

A  SPECIALTY:    Asbestos  Cement   Kuhlewein,  a   Portland  Cement  for  Fire-proofing. 
Best  and  Cheapest  Material  for  Fire-lining. 


Estimates  cheerfully  given 


2  Li  ril?5T  STPCIlT 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

All  orders  promptly  attended  to 


Telephone  Ma.in  199 


Blake,  Moffitt  &  Towne 


DEALERS  IN 


55-57-59  and  6t  FIRST  STREET 

San  Francisco,  CM. 


BLAKE,  MOFFITT  &  TOWNE 
Los  Angeles 


BLAKE,  MoFALL  t.  CO. 
Portland,  Or. 


_ — 

Wriliof  Large  Lines  of  Desirable  Business 

ciK  PdldtinC  Insurance  Co.,  cd. 

of  ntanchesUr,  England 

....Resources,  Security  to  Policyholders  over  $9,300,000.00.... 
United  States  Branch  Assets,  $2,283,803.^7 

CHAS.   A.  LATON   1 

Manager  I'acific  Coast  Department 

43^  California  Street 

(Sate  Deposit  Smiilliig) 

San  Trancisco 

LOCAL  BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 
John  H.  Wise,  Chairman 
John  C.  Merrill 
Wm.  E.  Brown 
E.  M.  Root 

1 

th(  traders  Insurance  Company,  of  Chicago 

CHAS.  A.  LATON,  General  Agent 

St/ 

II 

H,  S.  CROCKER  CO. 

Stattonefs,    Printefs 
Lithographers,    Bookbinders 

2t5-2t9  'BUSH  STREET 


Copper  Plate   Dep't 

227-229  Post  Street 


SAN   FRANCISCO 


T.  G.  CAM  KKLI, 


I,.  C.  MAKSHVTZ 


MARSHUTZ  &  CANTRELL 

NT^TIONKL.  IRON    irttORKS 

N^W.  Corner  Main  and  Howard  Sts. 

San  Francisco.  Cat 

Stationary,  Winch,   Ship   and  Portable  Hoisting  Engines 

Quartz  Crusliing  and  AmaleamatinK  Machines 
Supar  and  Saw  Mill  Irons 

1   PINE'S  PATENT  "bULL  DONKEY"  LOGGING  ENGINES 
SoleManufaot-   !  DOLBEER'S  PATENT  LOGGING  ENGINES 
urers  of  )  KENDALL'S  PATENT  QUARTZ  MILLS 

(  NATIONAL  ROCKER  QUARTZ  MILL 

Castings   and    Forgings   of    every    description.      Repairing    promptly 
attended  to.     Estimates  ctieerfully  ^iven. 


^^^^^^KMo^^lo^^da^)on^^l^)o^^^a^o 


DEALER  I.N  .  . . 

ALL  KINDS  OF 


COAL 


Estimates  Given  on  Hauling 

COKE  AND  COAL 

IN  CARGO  LOTS 


d^ 


FINE  SAND  AND  GRAVEL 

ALL  KINDS  OF   FOUNDRY    SAND 
AND  CLAY 

BEACH    SAND 

Moulding  Sand,  Clay,  Sharp  Sand 
Alvarado  Sand  and  .Mar- 
tinez Sand 


AH  Kinds  of  Shipping  Done 

Dan.  Gallagher 

...Teamster... 

STAND 

Telephone  Main  S439       Bcalc  Strcct,  CoF.  Howard 

San   Francisco 

All  Kinds  of  Cartage  and  Expressage  Promptly 

Attended  to 


CABLE  ADDRESS, 
KAIMANA 


WILLIAMS,  DIMOND  &  CO. 

SHIRRING    AND    COMMISSION     MEIRCHANTS 

202    MARKET   STREET,  SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


American-Hawaiian  Steamship  Co. 

Dispatch  Line  of  Clipper  Ships  from  New  York 

The  Hawaiian  Line  of  Packets 


AGENTS     FOR 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  The  China  Traders  Insurance  Co.  (Limited) 

Ontario  Cotton  Duck  Vivian  &  Son's  Yellow  Metal  Sheathing 

The  Cunard  Royal  Mail  Steamship  Co.  Hartmann's  Rahtjen's  Composition 

133  FRONT  STREET    -    -    -    NEW  YORK 


HAWAIIAN  LINE 


FOR    HONOLULU    AND    OTHER    HAWAIIAN    PORTS 

Bk.  "  KAIULANI,"  Bk.  "  OLYMPIC,"  Bk.  "  ALBKRT,"  Bk.  "  C.  D.  BRYANT,"  Bk.  "  S.  C.  ALLEN,"  Bk.  "  DIAMOND  HKAD, '.Bktn.  "  IRMGARD,' 

Bktn.  "  S.  G.  WILDER,"    Bktn.  "  PLANTER,"    Sch.  "  ROSAMOND,"    Sch.  "ALOHA,"    Sch.  "  MARY  E.  FOSTER," 

Sch.  "  ALICE  COOKE,"   Sch.  "  ROBERT  LEWERS." 

WILLIAMS,   DIMOND   &   CO.,  Agents 


AMERlCAN=HAWAnAN  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY 

REGULAR   SERVICE   BETWEEN 
NEW    YORK  SAN    FRANCISCO  HONOLULU 


•'CALIFORNIAN,"  8,500  Tons 

"  OREGONIAN,"  8,500  Tons 


"HAWAIIAN,"  8,500  Tons 
"AMERICAN,"  8,500  Tons 


"ARIZONIAN,"  J2,CC0Tons 
'ALASKAN,"  12,000  Tons 


GENERAL  AGENTS 

PACIFIC  COAST 


%^  Williams,  Dimond  &  Co.,  1%,  "p^A^t^lkl^''^^^ 


FLINT,  DEARBORN  &  CO.,  General  Agents 

NEW  YORK 


H.  HACKFELD  &  CO.,  Ld.,  Agents 
HONOLULU 


THEO.  H.  DAVIES  &  CO.,  Ld.,  Agents 
HILO 


1869 


Q)  OM  D)2*P  vA'P 


7°^ 
o)o(a 


9>ora 


STEIGER  St    KERR 

350  MAIN  STREET 
Telephone   Main  227  sAN   FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STOVES  AND   RANGES 

AND  CASTINGS  OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS 

CASTINGS    FOR    REFINERIES    AND    SMELTERS    A    SPECIALTY 


1900 


The    New    California    Range 
Occidental  Rangfes 
The  Coast  Range 

The   Clifton   Ranges 

J' 

The   Brighton 


'PATRONIZE  PACinC  COAST 
FACTORIES" 


San  Joaquin  Ranges 

The  Winsome 

The  Star  Laundry  Stoves 

Advance  Wood  Cook  Stoves 

The  Progress  Gas  Attachment 

AH  Kinds  of  Heating  Stoves 


NO  CONVICT  LABOR 
HOME  INDUSTRY 


^ 


*,>*  l:  'I'fe 


;-.:-*m.^ 


tej 


""S. 


